diff --git a/src/agent/loop.ts b/src/agent/loop.ts
index 8d3ec25..66943bd 100644
--- a/src/agent/loop.ts
+++ b/src/agent/loop.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ import {
   updateAgentStatus,
   recordRebalanceCheck,
   recordRebalanceTriggered,
-  recordDbOperation
+  recordDbOperation,
+  recordBackgroundJob,
+  recordExternalServiceError
 } from '../utils/metrics';
 
 let isRunning = false;
@@ -134,6 +136,7 @@ async function rebalanceCheckJob(): Promise<void> {
     // Record Prometheus metrics
     recordRebalanceCheck('success');
     recordDbOperation('rebalance_check', duration / 1000);
+    recordBackgroundJob('rebalance_check', 'success', duration / 1000);
 
     logger.info(`${jobName} completed`, {
       duration,
@@ -155,6 +158,7 @@ async function rebalanceCheckJob(): Promise<void> {
     // Record Prometheus metrics
     recordRebalanceCheck('failed');
     recordDbOperation('rebalance_check', duration / 1000);
+    recordBackgroundJob('rebalance_check', 'failed', duration / 1000);
 
     await logAgentAction('ANALYZE', 'FAILED', {
       input: { correlationId },
@@ -198,6 +202,7 @@ async function snapshotJob(): Promise<void> {
     const duration = Date.now() - startTime;
     // Record Prometheus metrics
     recordDbOperation('snapshot_job', duration / 1000);
+    recordBackgroundJob('snapshot', 'success', duration / 1000);
     logger.info(`${jobName} scheduled`, { duration });
   } catch (error) {
     const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error';
@@ -208,6 +213,7 @@ async function snapshotJob(): Promise<void> {
     });
     // Record Prometheus metrics
     recordDbOperation('snapshot_job', duration / 1000);
+    recordBackgroundJob('snapshot', 'failed', duration / 1000);
   }
   });
 }
@@ -254,10 +260,13 @@ export async function startAgentLoop(): Promise<void> {
       try {
         logger.info('Daily protocol scan started', { correlationId });
         updateAgentHeartbeat();
+        const scanStart = Date.now();
         const protocols = await scanAllProtocols();
+        const scanDuration = (Date.now() - scanStart) / 1000;
         await logAgentAction('SCAN', 'SUCCESS', {
           input: { correlationId, protocolsScanned: protocols.length },
         });
+        recordBackgroundJob('protocol_scan', 'success', scanDuration);
         logger.info('Daily protocol scan complete', {
           correlationId,
           protocolsScanned: protocols.length,
@@ -267,6 +276,7 @@ export async function startAgentLoop(): Promise<void> {
           correlationId,
           error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error',
         });
+        recordBackgroundJob('protocol_scan', 'failed', 0);
         await logAgentAction('SCAN', 'FAILED', {
           input: { correlationId },
           error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error',
diff --git a/src/jobs/sessionCleanup.ts b/src/jobs/sessionCleanup.ts
index 5d3f6e8..4d6fe92 100644
--- a/src/jobs/sessionCleanup.ts
+++ b/src/jobs/sessionCleanup.ts
@@ -1,21 +1,27 @@
 import db from '../db';
 import { logger } from '../utils/logger';
 import { config } from '../config/env';
+import { recordBackgroundJob } from '../utils/metrics';
 
 /**
  * Delete all sessions whose expiration timestamp is in the past.
  * Safe to call multiple times — it is idempotent.
  */
 export async function cleanupExpiredSessions(): Promise<void> {
+  const startTime = Date.now();
   try {
     const result = await db.session.deleteMany({
       where: { expiresAt: { lt: new Date() } },
     });
+    const duration = (Date.now() - startTime) / 1000;
     if (result.count > 0) {
       logger.info(`[SessionCleanup] Removed ${result.count} expired session(s)`);
     }
+    recordBackgroundJob('session_cleanup', 'success', duration);
   } catch (error) {
+    const duration = (Date.now() - startTime) / 1000;
     logger.error('[SessionCleanup] Failed to clean up sessions:', error);
+    recordBackgroundJob('session_cleanup', 'failed', duration);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/middleware/logger.ts b/src/middleware/logger.ts
index 8d24a60..19abe52 100644
--- a/src/middleware/logger.ts
+++ b/src/middleware/logger.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express'
 import { logger } from '../utils/logger'
+import { recordHttpRequest } from '../utils/metrics'
 
 export function requestLogger(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) {
   const start = Date.now()
 
   res.on('finish', () => {
     const duration = Date.now() - start
+    const durationSeconds = duration / 1000
+
     logger.info(`${req.method} ${req.path}`, {
       correlationId: req.correlationId,
       status: res.statusCode,
       duration: `${duration}ms`,
       ip: req.ip,
     })
+
+    const route = req.route?.path || req.path
+    recordHttpRequest(req.method, route, res.statusCode, durationSeconds)
   })
 
   next()
diff --git a/src/utils/metrics.ts b/src/utils/metrics.ts
index 1a451df..063f584 100644
--- a/src/utils/metrics.ts
+++ b/src/utils/metrics.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ const register = new client.Registry()
 // Add default metrics (CPU, memory, etc.)
 client.collectDefaultMetrics({ register })
 
+// ── Global default label: env ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Every metric emitted through this registry will carry `env` automatically,
+// satisfying the acceptance criterion without modifying every Counter/Histogram.
+register.setDefaultLabels({
+  env: process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development',
+})
+
 // ── Event Processing Metrics ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 export const eventsProcessedTotal = new client.Counter({
@@ -175,6 +182,32 @@ export const analyticsRequestDuration = new client.Histogram({
   registers: [register],
 })
 
+// ── Background Job Metrics ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export const backgroundJobsTotal = new client.Counter({
+  name: 'background_jobs_total',
+  help: 'Total number of background job executions',
+  labelNames: ['job', 'status'] as const,
+  registers: [register],
+})
+
+export const backgroundJobDuration = new client.Histogram({
+  name: 'background_job_duration_seconds',
+  help: 'Duration of background job executions in seconds',
+  labelNames: ['job'] as const,
+  buckets: [0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, 60],
+  registers: [register],
+})
+
+// ── External Service Error Metrics ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export const externalServiceErrorsTotal = new client.Counter({
+  name: 'external_service_errors_total',
+  help: 'Total number of external service errors',
+  labelNames: ['service', 'error_type'] as const,
+  registers: [register],
+})
+
 // ── Helper Functions ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 /**
@@ -284,6 +317,28 @@ export function recordAnalyticsRequest(
   analyticsRequestDuration.observe({ endpoint }, durationSeconds)
 }
 
+/**
+ * Record a background job execution
+ */
+export function recordBackgroundJob(
+  job: string,
+  status: 'success' | 'failed',
+  durationSeconds: number
+): void {
+  backgroundJobsTotal.inc({ job, status })
+  backgroundJobDuration.observe({ job }, durationSeconds)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Record an external service error
+ */
+export function recordExternalServiceError(
+  service: string,
+  errorType: string
+): void {
+  externalServiceErrorsTotal.inc({ service, error_type: errorType })
+}
+
 /**
  * Get metrics for Prometheus scraping
  */