Updated Costs for Battery, PV, and Wind

[Bill-Becker]

Based on NLR's recent Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) 2025 release, the default costs for Battery, PV, and Wind technologies have been updated in REopt. Battery costs are now segmented based on "size class" which is determined based on the electric load profile input.

Battery (ElectricStorage in the API and Julia package) — new size classes (ATB 2025, converted to 2025 dollars). See user manual section 11.1 for more information.

Previously one default for all sizes: $968/kW, $253/kWh, $222,115 constant.

Size class	Name	Size bounds (kW)	Installed cost ($/kW)	Installed cost ($/kWh)	Installed cost constant ($)	Basis
1	Residential	0 – 40	705	616	0	ATB 2025 Residential, 12.5 kWh 4-hr system
2	Commercial	40 – 400	676	560	0	Interpolated between ATB 2025 Residential and Commercial
3	Large Commercial	400 – 10,000	527	278	0	ATB 2025 Commercial, 7,200 kWh / 1,800 kW system
4	Utility	10,000 – 100,000	378	236	0	ATB 2025 Commercial, 240,000 kWh / 60,000 kW system

Parameter	Old default	New default
Annual O&M cost as a percent of upfront cost (om_cost_fraction_of_installed_cost)	2.5% (0.025)	4% (0.04)
Maximum power capacity (kW) (max_kw)	1.0e4	1.0e5

PV — roof-mount installed and O&M costs by size class (see user manual section 10.1 for more information)

Size class	Name	Size class bounds (kW)	Avg installed cost ($/kW), old → new	O&M ($/kW-yr), old → new
1	Residential	3 – 11	2,783 → 3,239	32 → 32
2	Small Commercial	11 – 100	2,232 → 2,344	26 → 25
3	Large Commercial	100 – 2,000	1,920 → 1,772	20 → 18
4	Industrial	2,000 – 10,000	1,661 → 1,546	20 → 19
5	Utility	10,000 – 100,000	1,239 → 1,165	17 → 19

Wind — installed cost by size class and O&M (see user manual section 12 for more information)

Size class	Installed cost ($/kW), old	Installed cost ($/kW), new
Residential	7,692	8,960
Commercial	5,776	6,728
Medium	3,807	4,368
Large	2,896	3,477

Parameter	Old default	New default
O&M cost ($/kW per year) (om_cost_per_kw)	42.0	43.0

All values are from NREL ATB 2025 (year 2025). Values were escalated from dollar year 2023 to 2025 using 6% based BLS inflation data.

In REopt.jl, these updated default values for ElectricStorage are in src\data\energy_storage\electric_storage\electric_storage_defaults.json), for PV are in src\data\pv\pv_defaults.json, and for Wind are in src\core\wind.jl.