diff --git a/.github/workflows/stage-2-test.yaml b/.github/workflows/stage-2-test.yaml
index 5adb30c7b..42b5c2734 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/stage-2-test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stage-2-test.yaml
@@ -100,12 +100,29 @@ jobs:
         with:
           node-version: ${{ inputs.nodejs_version }}
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: "Install dependencies"
+        run: npm ci
       - name: "Setup Python"
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: ${{ inputs.python_version }}
           cache: 'pip'
           cache-dependency-path: '**/requirements*.txt'
+      - name: "Cache generated dependencies"
+        id: schema-cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            schemas/digital-letters/
+            output/digital-letters/
+            src/digital-letters-events/types/
+            src/digital-letters-events/validators/
+            src/digital-letters-events/digital_letters_events/models/
+          key: generated-deps-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('src/cloudevents/**', 'src/typescript-schema-generator/**', 'src/python-schema-generator/**') }}
+      - name: "Generate dependencies"
+        if: steps.schema-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          npm run generate-dependencies
       - name: "Run unit test suite"
         run: |
           make test-unit
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index cf7d4b6ab..8732a35f1 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -59,3 +59,6 @@ coverage-*/
 **/playwright-report
 **/test-results
 plugin-cache
+
+# Generated by npm run test:unit:parallel — do not commit
+jest.config.cjs
diff --git a/lambdas/core-notifier-lambda/src/__tests__/app/notify-api-client.test.ts b/lambdas/core-notifier-lambda/src/__tests__/app/notify-api-client.test.ts
index 59af51fd2..e84eb293a 100644
--- a/lambdas/core-notifier-lambda/src/__tests__/app/notify-api-client.test.ts
+++ b/lambdas/core-notifier-lambda/src/__tests__/app/notify-api-client.test.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ import { IAccessTokenRepository, NotifyClient } from 'app/notify-api-client';
 import { RequestAlreadyReceivedError } from 'domain/request-already-received-error';
 
 jest.mock('utils');
-jest.mock('node:crypto');
+jest.mock('node:crypto', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual<typeof import('node:crypto')>('node:crypto'),
+  randomUUID: jest.fn(),
+}));
 jest.mock('axios', () => {
   const original: AxiosStatic = jest.requireActual('axios');
 
diff --git a/lambdas/core-notifier-lambda/src/__tests__/domain/mapper.test.ts b/lambdas/core-notifier-lambda/src/__tests__/domain/mapper.test.ts
index e1bde3bc7..dfb1d3bfa 100644
--- a/lambdas/core-notifier-lambda/src/__tests__/domain/mapper.test.ts
+++ b/lambdas/core-notifier-lambda/src/__tests__/domain/mapper.test.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ import { PDMResourceAvailable } from 'digital-letters-events';
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 
 jest.mock('utils');
-jest.mock('node:crypto');
+jest.mock('node:crypto', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual<typeof import('node:crypto')>('node:crypto'),
+  randomUUID: jest.fn(),
+}));
 
 const mockLogger = jest.mocked(logger);
 const mockRandomUUID = jest.mocked(randomUUID);
diff --git a/lambdas/mesh-acknowledge/pytest.ini b/lambdas/mesh-acknowledge/pytest.ini
index e19306a77..7f80cf1af 100644
--- a/lambdas/mesh-acknowledge/pytest.ini
+++ b/lambdas/mesh-acknowledge/pytest.ini
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ addopts = -v --tb=short
 
 [coverage:run]
 relative_files = True
+data_file = lambdas/mesh-acknowledge/.coverage
 omit =
     */mesh_acknowledge/__tests__/*
     */test_*.py
diff --git a/lambdas/mesh-download/pytest.ini b/lambdas/mesh-download/pytest.ini
index 303659aad..b2483b3c0 100644
--- a/lambdas/mesh-download/pytest.ini
+++ b/lambdas/mesh-download/pytest.ini
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ addopts = -v --tb=short
 
 [coverage:run]
 relative_files = True
+data_file = lambdas/mesh-download/.coverage
 omit =
     */tests/*
     */test_*.py
diff --git a/lambdas/mesh-poll/pytest.ini b/lambdas/mesh-poll/pytest.ini
index 933720312..8657f96d1 100644
--- a/lambdas/mesh-poll/pytest.ini
+++ b/lambdas/mesh-poll/pytest.ini
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ addopts = -v --tb=short
 
 [coverage:run]
 relative_files = True
+data_file = lambdas/mesh-poll/.coverage
 omit =
     */mesh_poll/__tests__/*
     */test_*.py
diff --git a/lambdas/report-sender/pytest.ini b/lambdas/report-sender/pytest.ini
index 91879c293..9402fd11a 100644
--- a/lambdas/report-sender/pytest.ini
+++ b/lambdas/report-sender/pytest.ini
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ addopts = -v --tb=short
 
 [coverage:run]
 relative_files = True
+data_file = lambdas/report-sender/.coverage
 omit =
     */report_sender/__tests__/*
     */test_*.py
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index ca8080a48..459fe5fec 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
     "lint:fix": "npm run lint:fix --workspaces",
     "start": "npm run start --workspace frontend",
     "test:unit": "npm run test:unit --workspaces",
+    "test:unit:parallel": "tsx scripts/generate-parallel-jest-config.ts && cross-env NODE_OPTIONS=\"$NODE_OPTIONS --experimental-vm-modules\" jest --config jest.config.cjs",
     "typecheck": "npm run typecheck --workspaces"
   },
   "version": "0.0.1",
diff --git a/scripts/generate-parallel-jest-config.ts b/scripts/generate-parallel-jest-config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea7fe7714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/generate-parallel-jest-config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/**
+ * Generates jest.config.cjs from the individual workspace jest.config.ts files.
+ */
+
+import { execFileSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import * as fs from 'node:fs';
+import * as os from 'node:os';
+import * as path from 'node:path';
+
+const repoRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, '..');
+const outputPath = path.join(repoRoot, 'jest.config.cjs');
+
+interface PackageJson {
+  workspaces?: string[];
+}
+
+const rootPkg = JSON.parse(
+  fs.readFileSync(path.join(repoRoot, 'package.json'), 'utf8'),
+) as PackageJson;
+
+const workspaces: string[] = rootPkg.workspaces ?? [];
+
+/**
+ * Inline TypeScript written to a temp .ts file and executed by tsx so each
+ * workspace jest.config.ts is evaluated in an isolated Node process with a
+ * fresh module registry (preventing shared mutable baseJestConfig state).
+ */
+const EVALUATOR = (configPath: string): string => `
+import config from ${JSON.stringify(configPath)};
+process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(config));
+`;
+
+/** Serialise a plain JS value to source code, indented with the given prefix. */
+function serialise(value: unknown, indent = '  '): string {
+  if (value === null) return 'null';
+  if (value === undefined) return 'undefined';
+  if (typeof value === 'string') return JSON.stringify(value);
+  if (typeof value === 'number' || typeof value === 'boolean')
+    return String(value);
+
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    if (value.length === 0) return '[]';
+    const items = value
+      .map((v) => `${indent}  ${serialise(v, indent + '  ')}`)
+      .join(',\n');
+    return `[\n${items},\n${indent}]`;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'object') {
+    const entries = Object.entries(value as Record<string, unknown>).filter(
+      ([, v]) => v !== undefined,
+    );
+    if (entries.length === 0) return '{}';
+    const lines = entries
+      .map(
+        ([k, v]) =>
+          `${indent}  ${JSON.stringify(k)}: ${serialise(v, indent + '  ')}`,
+      )
+      .join(',\n');
+    return `{\n${lines},\n${indent}}`;
+  }
+
+  return String(value);
+}
+
+interface ProjectEntry {
+  workspace: string;
+  config: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+function main(): void {
+  const projects: ProjectEntry[] = [];
+
+  for (const ws of workspaces) {
+    const wsDir = path.join(repoRoot, ws);
+
+    const hasCjs = fs.existsSync(path.join(wsDir, 'jest.config.cjs'));
+    const hasTs = fs.existsSync(path.join(wsDir, 'jest.config.ts'));
+
+    if (hasCjs && !hasTs) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `${ws} has jest.config.cjs but no jest.config.ts. ` +
+          `Migrate it to jest.config.ts so the generator can handle it uniformly.`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (!hasTs) {
+      // No Jest config → no Jest tests (e.g. src/digital-letters-events)
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Evaluate the workspace config in an isolated tsx subprocess so that the
+    // shared mutable `baseJestConfig` object is freshly initialised for every
+    // workspace. Dynamic import() in the parent process would share the cached
+    // module instance and accumulate mutations.
+    const configPath = path.join(wsDir, 'jest.config.ts');
+    const tsxBin = path.join(repoRoot, 'node_modules', '.bin', 'tsx');
+    const tmpFile = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `jest-config-eval-${Date.now()}.ts`);
+    let json: string;
+    try {
+      fs.writeFileSync(tmpFile, EVALUATOR(configPath), 'utf8');
+      json = execFileSync(tsxBin, [tmpFile], {
+        cwd: repoRoot,
+        encoding: 'utf8',
+      });
+    } finally {
+      fs.rmSync(tmpFile, { force: true });
+    }
+    const wsConfig = JSON.parse(json) as Record<string, unknown>;
+
+    // Inject rootDir and displayName. Jest resolves all relative paths inside a
+    // project entry relative to that project's rootDir.
+    const entry: Record<string, unknown> = {
+      ...wsConfig,
+      rootDir: `<rootDir>/${ws}`,
+      displayName: ws,
+    };
+
+    projects.push({ workspace: ws, config: entry });
+  }
+
+  // Build the projects array source
+  const projectLines = projects.map((p) => {
+    const body = serialise(p.config, '    ');
+    return `    // ${p.workspace}\n    ${body}`;
+  });
+
+  const banner = `/**
+ * Root Jest config — runs all TypeScript workspace test suites in
+ * parallel via Jest's native \`projects\` support.
+ *
+ * ⚠️  THIS FILE IS AUTO-GENERATED. Do not edit it directly.
+ *
+ * Generated by scripts/generate-parallel-jest-config.ts
+ */
+
+/** @type {import('jest').Config} */
+module.exports = {
+  projects: [
+${projectLines.join(',\n\n')}
+  ],
+};
+`;
+
+  fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, banner, 'utf8');
+  console.log(`Written: ${path.relative(repoRoot, outputPath)}`);
+  console.log(`  ${projects.length} project(s) included`);
+  for (const p of projects) {
+    console.log(`    ${p.workspace}`);
+  }
+}
+
+main();
diff --git a/scripts/tests/unit.sh b/scripts/tests/unit.sh
index 1a4a23e6c..1ea43322c 100755
--- a/scripts/tests/unit.sh
+++ b/scripts/tests/unit.sh
@@ -4,72 +4,100 @@ set -euo pipefail
 
 cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
 
-# This file is for you! Edit it to call your unit test suite. Note that the same
-# file will be called if you run it locally as if you run it on CI.
-
-# Replace the following line with something like:
-#
-#   rails test:unit
-#   python manage.py test
-#   npm run test
-#
-# or whatever is appropriate to your project. You should *only* run your fast
-# tests from here. If you want to run other test suites, see the predefined
-# tasks in scripts/test.mk.
-
-# run tests
-
-# TypeScript/JavaScript projects (npm workspace)
-# Note: src/cloudevents is included in workspaces, so it will be tested here
-npm ci
-npm run generate-dependencies
-npm run test:unit --workspaces
-
-# Python projects - asyncapigenerator
-echo "Setting up and running asyncapigenerator tests..."
-make -C ./src/asyncapigenerator install-dev
-make -C ./src/asyncapigenerator coverage  # Run with coverage to generate coverage.xml for SonarCloud
-
-# Python projects - cloudeventjekylldocs
-echo "Setting up and running cloudeventjekylldocs tests..."
-make -C ./src/cloudeventjekylldocs install-dev
-make -C ./src/cloudeventjekylldocs coverage  # Run with coverage to generate coverage.xml for SonarCloud
-
-# Python projects - eventcatalogasyncapiimporter
-echo "Setting up and running eventcatalogasyncapiimporter tests..."
-make -C ./src/eventcatalogasyncapiimporter install-dev
-make -C ./src/eventcatalogasyncapiimporter coverage  # Run with coverage to generate coverage.xml for SonarCloud
-
-# Python utility packages - py-utils
-echo "Setting up and running py-utils tests..."
-make -C ./utils/py-utils install-dev
-make -C ./utils/py-utils coverage  # Run with coverage to generate coverage.xml for SonarCloud
-
-# Python projects - python-schema-generator
-echo "Setting up and running python-schema-generator tests..."
-make -C ./src/python-schema-generator install-dev
-make -C ./src/python-schema-generator coverage  # Run with coverage to generate coverage.xml for SonarCloud
-
-# Python Lambda - mesh-acknowledge
-echo "Setting up and running mesh-acknowledge tests..."
-make -C ./lambdas/mesh-acknowledge install-dev
-make -C ./lambdas/mesh-acknowledge coverage  # Run with coverage to generate coverage.xml for SonarCloud
-
-# Python Lambda - mesh-poll
-echo "Setting up and running mesh-poll tests..."
-make -C ./lambdas/mesh-poll install-dev
-make -C ./lambdas/mesh-poll coverage  # Run with coverage to generate coverage.xml for SonarCloud
-
-# Python Lambda - mesh-download
-echo "Setting up and running mesh-download tests..."
-make -C ./lambdas/mesh-download install-dev
-make -C ./lambdas/mesh-download coverage  # Run with coverage to generate coverage.xml for SonarCloud
-
-# Python Lambda - report-sender
-echo "Setting up and running report-sender tests..."
-make -C ./lambdas/report-sender install-dev
-make -C ./lambdas/report-sender coverage  # Run with coverage to generate coverage.xml for SonarCloud
+_timer_labels=()
+_timer_seconds=()
+
+run_timed() {
+  local label="$1"
+  shift
+  local start
+  start=$(date +%s)
+  local rc=0
+  "$@" || rc=$?
+  local end
+  end=$(date +%s)
+  _timer_labels+=("$label")
+  _timer_seconds+=("$((end - start))")
+  return "$rc"
+}
+
+print_timing_summary() {
+  echo ""
+  echo "===== Timing Summary ====="
+  local total=0
+  for i in "${!_timer_labels[@]}"; do
+    printf "  %-55s %4ds\n" "${_timer_labels[$i]}" "${_timer_seconds[$i]}"
+    total=$((total + _timer_seconds[$i]))
+  done
+  echo "  ---------------------------------------------------------"
+  printf "  %-55s %4ds\n" "TOTAL" "$total"
+  echo "=========================="
+}
+
+trap print_timing_summary EXIT
+
+run_timed "Node unit tests (parallel)" npm run test:unit:parallel || jest_exit=$?
+
+# ---- Phase 1: install all Python dev dependencies (sequential) ----
+# Discover Python projects dynamically: any directory under src/, utils/, or
+# lambdas/ whose Makefile defines both an `install-dev` target (Python deps)
+# and a `coverage` target (pytest). This avoids maintaining a hardcoded list.
+echo "Installing Python dev dependencies..."
+mapfile -t _python_projects < <(
+  grep -rl "^install-dev:" src/ utils/ lambdas/ --include="Makefile" 2>/dev/null \
+    | xargs grep -l "^coverage:" \
+    | xargs -I{} dirname {} \
+    | sort
+)
+for proj in "${_python_projects[@]}"; do
+  run_timed "${proj}: install-dev" make -C "$proj" install-dev
+done
+
+# ---- Phase 2: run all coverage steps in parallel ----
+echo "Running Python coverage in parallel..."
+
+_py_pids=()
+_py_labels=()
+_py_logs=()
+_py_exits=()
+
+for proj in "${_python_projects[@]}"; do
+  label="${proj}: coverage"
+  logfile=$(mktemp)
+  make -C "$proj" coverage >"$logfile" 2>&1 &
+  _py_pids+=("$!")
+  _py_labels+=("$label")
+  _py_logs+=("$logfile")
+done
+
+# Collect results in launch order (preserves deterministic output)
+_py_start=$(date +%s)
+for i in "${!_py_pids[@]}"; do
+  wait "${_py_pids[$i]}"
+  _py_exits+=("$?")
+  echo ""
+  echo "--- ${_py_labels[$i]} ---"
+  cat "${_py_logs[$i]}"
+  rm -f "${_py_logs[$i]}"
+done
+_py_end=$(date +%s)
+_timer_labels+=("Python unit tests (parallel)")
+_timer_seconds+=("$((_py_end - _py_start))")
 
 # merge coverage reports
-mkdir -p .reports
-TMPDIR="./.reports" ./node_modules/.bin/lcov-result-merger "**/.reports/unit/coverage/lcov.info" ".reports/lcov.info" --ignore "node_modules" --prepend-source-files --prepend-path-fix "../../.."
+run_timed "lcov-result-merger" \
+  bash -c 'mkdir -p .reports && TMPDIR="./.reports" ./node_modules/.bin/lcov-result-merger "**/.reports/unit/coverage/lcov.info" ".reports/lcov.info" --ignore "node_modules" --prepend-source-files --prepend-path-fix "../../.."'
+
+# Propagate any Jest failure now that all other test suites have completed
+if [ "${jest_exit:-0}" -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "Jest tests failed with exit code ${jest_exit}"
+  exit "${jest_exit}"
+fi
+
+# Propagate any Python coverage failure
+for i in "${!_py_exits[@]}"; do
+  if [ "${_py_exits[$i]}" -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "${_py_labels[$i]} failed with exit code ${_py_exits[$i]}"
+    exit "${_py_exits[$i]}"
+  fi
+done
diff --git a/src/asyncapigenerator/pytest.ini b/src/asyncapigenerator/pytest.ini
index 94bd46ada..fcdb5a3fd 100644
--- a/src/asyncapigenerator/pytest.ini
+++ b/src/asyncapigenerator/pytest.ini
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ markers =
 
 [coverage:run]
 relative_files = True
+data_file = src/asyncapigenerator/.coverage
 omit =
     */tests/*
     */test_*.py
diff --git a/src/cloudeventjekylldocs/pytest.ini b/src/cloudeventjekylldocs/pytest.ini
index dba4156ce..b79a593f4 100644
--- a/src/cloudeventjekylldocs/pytest.ini
+++ b/src/cloudeventjekylldocs/pytest.ini
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ markers =
 
 [coverage:run]
 relative_files = True
+data_file = src/cloudeventjekylldocs/.coverage
 omit =
     */tests/*
     */test_*.py
diff --git a/src/cloudevents/domains/common.mk b/src/cloudevents/domains/common.mk
index e96dcd34e..e48919191 100644
--- a/src/cloudevents/domains/common.mk
+++ b/src/cloudevents/domains/common.mk
@@ -56,31 +56,23 @@ build-no-bundle:
 	@echo "Building $(DOMAIN) schemas to output/..."
 	@if [ -n "$(PROFILE_NAMES)" ]; then \
 		echo "Building profile schemas..."; \
-		for schema in $(PROFILE_NAMES); do \
-			echo "  - $$schema"; \
-			cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run build -- --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) $(SRC_DIR)/$$schema.schema.yaml $(OUTPUT_DIR) || exit 1; \
-		done; \
+		printf '%s\n' $(PROFILE_NAMES) | xargs -P 0 -I{} sh -c \
+			'cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run build -- --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) $(SRC_DIR)/{}.schema.yaml $(OUTPUT_DIR) || exit 1'; \
 	fi
 	@if [ -n "$(DEFS_NAMES)" ]; then \
 		echo "Building defs schemas..."; \
-		for schema in $(DEFS_NAMES); do \
-			echo "  - $$schema"; \
-			cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run build -- --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) $(SRC_DIR)/defs/$$schema.yaml $(OUTPUT_DIR)/defs || exit 1; \
-		done; \
+		printf '%s\n' $(DEFS_NAMES) | xargs -P 0 -I{} sh -c \
+			'cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run build -- --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) $(SRC_DIR)/defs/{}.yaml $(OUTPUT_DIR)/defs || exit 1'; \
 	fi
 	@if [ -n "$(DATA_NAMES)" ]; then \
 		echo "Building data schemas..."; \
-		for schema in $(DATA_NAMES); do \
-			echo "  - $$schema"; \
-			cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run build -- --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) $(SRC_DIR)/data/$$schema.yaml $(OUTPUT_DIR)/data || exit 1; \
-		done; \
+		printf '%s\n' $(DATA_NAMES) | xargs -P 0 -I{} sh -c \
+			'cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run build -- --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) $(SRC_DIR)/data/{}.yaml $(OUTPUT_DIR)/data || exit 1'; \
 	fi
 	@if [ -n "$(EVENT_NAMES)" ]; then \
 		echo "Building event schemas..."; \
-		for schema in $(EVENT_NAMES); do \
-			echo "  - $$schema"; \
-			cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run build -- --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) $(SRC_DIR)/events/$$schema.schema.yaml $(OUTPUT_DIR)/events || exit 1; \
-		done; \
+		printf '%s\n' $(EVENT_NAMES) | xargs -P 0 -I{} sh -c \
+			'cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run build -- --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) $(SRC_DIR)/events/{}.schema.yaml $(OUTPUT_DIR)/events || exit 1'; \
 	fi
 
 publish-json:
@@ -138,11 +130,9 @@ publish-json:
 
 publish-bundled-json:
 	@if [ -n "$(EVENT_NAMES)" ]; then \
-		@echo "Flattening published event schemas..."; \
-		for schema in $(EVENT_NAMES); do \
-			echo "  - $$schema (flatten)"; \
-			cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run bundle -- --flatten --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) --base-url $(SCHEMA_BASE_URL) $(OUTPUT_DIR)/events/$$schema.schema.json $(SCHEMAS_DIR)/events/$$schema.flattened.schema.json || exit 1; \
-		done; \
+		echo "Flattening published event schemas..."; \
+		printf '%s\n' $(EVENT_NAMES) | xargs -P 0 -I{} sh -c \
+			'cd $(CLOUD_EVENTS_DIR) && npm run bundle -- --flatten --root-dir $(ROOT_DIR) --base-url $(SCHEMA_BASE_URL) $(OUTPUT_DIR)/events/{}.schema.json $(SCHEMAS_DIR)/events/{}.flattened.schema.json || exit 1'; \
 	fi
 
 publish-yaml:
diff --git a/src/cloudevents/jest.config.cjs b/src/cloudevents/jest.config.cjs
deleted file mode 100644
index f40450410..000000000
--- a/src/cloudevents/jest.config.cjs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-/** @type {import('jest').Config} */
-module.exports = {
-  preset: 'ts-jest',
-  testEnvironment: 'node',
-  roots: ['<rootDir>'],
-  testMatch: [
-    '**/__tests__/**/*.ts',
-    '**/?(*.)+(spec|test).ts'
-  ],
-  transform: {
-    '^.+\\.ts$': ['ts-jest', {
-      tsconfig: {
-        esModuleInterop: true,
-        allowSyntheticDefaultImports: true,
-        allowImportingTsExtensions: true,
-        module: 'commonjs',
-        target: 'ES2020',
-        moduleResolution: 'node',
-        noEmit: true
-      },
-      diagnostics: {
-        ignoreCodes: [1343]  // Ignore TS1343: import.meta errors
-      }
-    }]
-  },
-  collectCoverageFrom: [
-    'tools/**/*.{ts,js,cjs}',
-    '!tools/**/*.d.ts',
-    '!tools/**/__tests__/**',
-    '!tools/**/*.test.ts',
-    '!tools/**/*.spec.ts',
-    '!tools/builder/build-schema.ts',
-    '!tools/generator/generate-example.ts',
-    '!tools/generator/manual-bundle-schema.ts',
-    '!tools/validator/validate.ts'
-  ],
-  coverageDirectory: 'coverage',
-  coverageReporters: ['text', 'lcov', 'html', 'cobertura'],
-  coveragePathIgnorePatterns: [
-    '/node_modules/',
-    '/__tests__/'
-  ],
-  coverageThreshold: {
-    global: {
-      branches: 60,
-      functions: 60,
-      lines: 60,
-      statements: 60
-    }
-  },
-  moduleFileExtensions: ['ts', 'js', 'json'],
-  moduleNameMapper: {
-    '^(.*)\\.ts$': '$1',
-  },
-  verbose: true,
-  testTimeout: 10000
-};
diff --git a/src/cloudevents/jest.config.ts b/src/cloudevents/jest.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d03dd4d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cloudevents/jest.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import type { Config } from 'jest';
+
+const config: Config = {
+  preset: 'ts-jest',
+  testEnvironment: 'node',
+  roots: ['<rootDir>'],
+  testMatch: ['**/__tests__/**/*.ts', '**/?(*.)+(spec|test).ts'],
+  transform: {
+    '^.+\\.ts$': [
+      'ts-jest',
+      {
+        tsconfig: {
+          esModuleInterop: true,
+          allowSyntheticDefaultImports: true,
+          allowImportingTsExtensions: true,
+          module: 'commonjs',
+          target: 'ES2020',
+          moduleResolution: 'node',
+          noEmit: true,
+        },
+        diagnostics: {
+          ignoreCodes: [1343], // Ignore TS1343: import.meta errors
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+  collectCoverageFrom: [
+    'tools/**/*.{ts,js,cjs}',
+    '!tools/**/*.d.ts',
+    '!tools/**/__tests__/**',
+    '!tools/**/*.test.ts',
+    '!tools/**/*.spec.ts',
+    '!tools/builder/build-schema.ts',
+    '!tools/generator/generate-example.ts',
+    '!tools/generator/manual-bundle-schema.ts',
+    '!tools/validator/validate.ts',
+  ],
+  coverageDirectory: 'coverage',
+  coverageReporters: ['text', 'lcov', 'html', 'cobertura'],
+  coveragePathIgnorePatterns: ['/node_modules/', '/__tests__/'],
+  coverageThreshold: {
+    global: {
+      branches: 60,
+      functions: 60,
+      lines: 60,
+      statements: 60,
+    },
+  },
+  moduleFileExtensions: ['ts', 'js', 'json'],
+  moduleNameMapper: {
+    '^(.*)\\.ts$': '$1',
+  },
+  verbose: true,
+  testTimeout: 10000,
+};
+
+export default config;
diff --git a/src/cloudevents/tools/builder/__tests__/build-schema.test.ts b/src/cloudevents/tools/builder/__tests__/build-schema.test.ts
index f7c35f908..7c7fecf9b 100644
--- a/src/cloudevents/tools/builder/__tests__/build-schema.test.ts
+++ b/src/cloudevents/tools/builder/__tests__/build-schema.test.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ import fs from 'fs';
 import path from 'path';
 import { execSync } from 'child_process';
 
+// Resolve paths relative to this test file so the suite works whether Jest
+// runs from the workspace directory or from the repository root.
+const cloudEventsRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, '..', '..', '..');
+
 describe('build-schema CLI', () => {
   let testDir: string;
   let sourceDir: string;
@@ -16,7 +20,7 @@ describe('build-schema CLI', () => {
 
   beforeAll(() => {
     // Create test directories
-    testDir = path.join(process.cwd(), 'test-build-' + Date.now());
+    testDir = path.join(cloudEventsRoot, 'test-build-' + Date.now());
     sourceDir = path.join(testDir, 'src');
     outputDir = path.join(testDir, 'output');
 
@@ -52,7 +56,7 @@ describe('build-schema CLI', () => {
         execSync(
           `tsx tools/builder/build-schema.ts "${inputFile}" "${outputDir}"`,
           {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
+            cwd: cloudEventsRoot,
             stdio: 'pipe'
           }
         );
@@ -91,7 +95,7 @@ properties:
         execSync(
           `tsx tools/builder/build-schema.ts "${inputFile}" "${outputDir}"`,
           {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
+            cwd: cloudEventsRoot,
             stdio: 'pipe'
           }
         );
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ properties:
         const result = execSync(
           `tsx tools/builder/build-schema.ts "${inputFile}" "${outputDir}"`,
           {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
+            cwd: cloudEventsRoot,
             stdio: 'pipe',
             encoding: 'utf-8'
           }
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@ properties:
         execSync(
           'tsx tools/builder/build-schema.ts',
           {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
+            cwd: cloudEventsRoot,
             stdio: 'pipe'
           }
         );
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@ properties:
         execSync(
           `tsx tools/builder/build-schema.ts "${inputFile}" "${outputDir}" "https://example.com"`,
           {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
+            cwd: cloudEventsRoot,
             stdio: 'pipe'
           }
         );
@@ -198,7 +202,7 @@ properties:
         execSync(
           `tsx tools/builder/build-schema.ts "${mainFile}" "${outputDir}"`,
           {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
+            cwd: cloudEventsRoot,
             stdio: 'pipe'
           }
         );
@@ -224,7 +228,7 @@ properties:
         execSync(
           `tsx tools/builder/build-schema.ts "${yamlFile}" "${outputDir}"`,
           {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
+            cwd: cloudEventsRoot,
             stdio: 'pipe'
           }
         );
@@ -246,7 +250,7 @@ properties:
         execSync(
           `tsx tools/builder/build-schema.ts "nonexistent.json" "${outputDir}"`,
           {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
+            cwd: cloudEventsRoot,
             stdio: 'pipe'
           }
         );
@@ -266,7 +270,7 @@ properties:
         execSync(
           `tsx tools/builder/build-schema.ts "${invalidFile}" "${outputDir}"`,
           {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
+            cwd: cloudEventsRoot,
             stdio: 'pipe'
           }
         );
@@ -282,7 +286,7 @@ properties:
   describe('module structure', () => {
     it('should export expected functions (if any)', () => {
       // build-schema-cli.ts contains the testable logic
-      const buildSchemaCliPath = path.join(process.cwd(), 'tools/builder/build-schema-cli.ts');
+      const buildSchemaCliPath = path.join(cloudEventsRoot, 'tools/builder/build-schema-cli.ts');
       expect(fs.existsSync(buildSchemaCliPath)).toBe(true);
 
       // Verify file has expected structure
@@ -293,7 +297,7 @@ properties:
     });
 
     it('should have proper imports', () => {
-      const buildSchemaCliPath = path.join(process.cwd(), 'tools/builder/build-schema-cli.ts');
+      const buildSchemaCliPath = path.join(cloudEventsRoot, 'tools/builder/build-schema-cli.ts');
       const content = fs.readFileSync(buildSchemaCliPath, 'utf-8');
 
       expect(content).toContain('import fs from');
diff --git a/src/eventcatalogasyncapiimporter/pytest.ini b/src/eventcatalogasyncapiimporter/pytest.ini
index 0b2a45512..41b39ff49 100644
--- a/src/eventcatalogasyncapiimporter/pytest.ini
+++ b/src/eventcatalogasyncapiimporter/pytest.ini
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ testpaths = tests
 
 [coverage:run]
 relative_files = True
+data_file = src/eventcatalogasyncapiimporter/.coverage
 omit =
     */tests/*
     */test_*.py
diff --git a/src/python-schema-generator/pytest.ini b/src/python-schema-generator/pytest.ini
index 0d63d6be4..001fba94a 100644
--- a/src/python-schema-generator/pytest.ini
+++ b/src/python-schema-generator/pytest.ini
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ addopts =
 
 [coverage:run]
 relative_files = True
+data_file = src/python-schema-generator/.coverage
 omit =
     */tests/*
     */test_*.py
diff --git a/utils/py-utils/pytest.ini b/utils/py-utils/pytest.ini
index f704cd777..b5bbd23b4 100644
--- a/utils/py-utils/pytest.ini
+++ b/utils/py-utils/pytest.ini
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ addopts = -v --tb=short
 
 [coverage:run]
 relative_files = True
+data_file = utils/py-utils/.coverage
 omit =
     */dl_utils/__tests__/*
     */test_*.py