diff --git a/internal/aistudio/client.go b/internal/aistudio/client.go
index e7353e97..7cd31598 100644
--- a/internal/aistudio/client.go
+++ b/internal/aistudio/client.go
@@ -150,6 +150,11 @@ func (c *Client) do(ctx context.Context, method string, accountID string, reques
 func (c *Client) doProtected(ctx context.Context, request GenerateRequest, body []byte) (*RPCResponse, error) {
 	rpc := newRPCRequest("GenerateContent", request.AccountID, request.ID, body, true)
 	c.applyBenefitTier(rpc.Method, request.AccountID, rpc.Header)
+	if request.ImageRoute {
+		// 该头随 bootstrap 页面（gemini-flash-latest）采样，图像模型页面取值不同；
+		// 置空使其在头合并时被删除，官网实测缺省可通过（错值会被 Code 7 拒绝）
+		rpc.Header["X-Goog-Ext-519733851-Bin"] = nil
+	}
 	response, err := c.protected.DoProtected(ctx, request, rpc)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("发送 AI Studio GenerateContent: %w", err)
diff --git a/internal/aistudio/generate.go b/internal/aistudio/generate.go
index accc9531..6a5cc958 100644
--- a/internal/aistudio/generate.go
+++ b/internal/aistudio/generate.go
@@ -42,13 +42,19 @@ func EncodeGenerateContentRequest(request GenerateRequest, defaults GenerationDe
 	wire := make([]any, length)
 	wire[0] = wireModelName(request.Model)
 	wire[1] = contents
-	wire[2] = observedSafetySettings()
+	if !defaults.ImageRoute {
+		wire[2] = observedSafetySettings()
+	}
 	wire[3] = config
 	if request.System != "" {
 		wire[5] = encodeSystemInstruction(request.System)
 	}
-	if explicitTools {
+	switch {
+	case explicitTools:
 		wire[6] = tools
+	case defaults.OutputResolution:
+		// 官网对可设置分辨率的图像模型固定下发该槽位；缺失会被上游以 Code 7 拒绝
+		wire[6] = []any{[]any{nil, nil, nil, []any{nil, []any{}}}}
 	}
 	wire[10] = int64(1)
 	if runtime.Timezone != "" {
@@ -134,6 +140,13 @@ func encodeGenerationConfig(config GenerationConfig, defaults GenerationDefaults
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	imageConfig := encodeImageConfig(config.ImageConfig)
+	if defaults.OutputResolution && imageConfig == nil {
+		// 官网对可设置分辨率的图像模型固定带 imageConfig；缺失会被上游以 Code 7 拒绝
+		imageConfig = []any{nil, "1K"}
+	}
+	if !defaults.OutputResolution {
+		imageConfig = nil
+	}
 	speechConfig, err := encodeSpeechConfig(config.SpeechConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -330,6 +343,11 @@ func encodeSpeechConfig(config *SpeechConfig) ([]any, error) {
 }
 
 func applyModelMediaDefaults(config GenerationConfig, model Model) GenerationConfig {
+	if model.Capabilities["image_route"] && imageModalityNeedsText(config.ResponseModalities) {
+		// 官网对图像模型总是下发 [IMAGE, TEXT]；纯 IMAGE 会被上游以 Code 7 拒绝。
+		config.ResponseModalities = []ResponseModality{ResponseModalityImage, ResponseModalityText}
+		return config
+	}
 	if config.ResponseModalities != nil {
 		return config
 	}
@@ -337,11 +355,29 @@ func applyModelMediaDefaults(config GenerationConfig, model Model) GenerationCon
 	case model.Capabilities["speech_route"], model.Capabilities["music_route"]:
 		config.ResponseModalities = []ResponseModality{ResponseModalityAudio}
 	case model.Capabilities["image_route"]:
-		config.ResponseModalities = []ResponseModality{ResponseModalityImage}
+		config.ResponseModalities = []ResponseModality{ResponseModalityImage, ResponseModalityText}
 	}
 	return config
 }
 
+// imageModalityNeedsText 判断图像模型请求是否缺 TEXT 模态
+func imageModalityNeedsText(modalities []ResponseModality) bool {
+	if modalities == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	hasImage := false
+	hasText := false
+	for _, modality := range modalities {
+		switch ResponseModality(strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(string(modality)))) {
+		case ResponseModalityImage:
+			hasImage = true
+		case ResponseModalityText:
+			hasText = true
+		}
+	}
+	return hasImage && !hasText
+}
+
 func applySpeechTranscript(contents []Content, model Model, config GenerationConfig) []Content {
 	if !model.Capabilities["speech_route"] || config.SpeechConfig == nil {
 		return contents
@@ -382,6 +418,7 @@ func (c *Client) Generate(ctx context.Context, request GenerateRequest) (<-chan
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrInvalidArgument, err)
 	}
 	request.Config = applyModelMediaDefaults(request.Config, entry.model)
+	request.ImageRoute = entry.defaults.ImageRoute
 	request.Contents = applySpeechTranscript(request.Contents, entry.model, request.Config)
 	runtime := RequestContext{}
 	if c.contextProvider != nil {
diff --git a/internal/aistudio/models.go b/internal/aistudio/models.go
index 7e1cc0dd..6fc3ad97 100644
--- a/internal/aistudio/models.go
+++ b/internal/aistudio/models.go
@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ type GenerationDefaults struct {
 	ThinkingLevel        bool
 	DefaultThinkingLevel int64
 	ThinkingLevels       []int64
+	// ImageRoute 表示图像生成模型（官网 GenerateContent 走扩展约束）
+	ImageRoute bool
+	// OutputResolution 表示支持输出分辨率（官网会带 imageConfig 与扩展槽位）
+	OutputResolution bool
 }
 
 type modelEntry struct {
@@ -253,6 +257,7 @@ func decodeGenerationDefaults(row []json.RawMessage, path string, evidence json.
 	defaults := GenerationDefaults{
 		Thinking: capabilities["thinking"], ThinkingBudget: capabilities["thinking_budget"],
 		ThinkingLevel: capabilities["thinking_level"], DefaultThinkingLevel: 2,
+		ImageRoute: capabilities["image_route"], OutputResolution: capabilities["output_resolution"],
 	}
 	maxOutput, err := optionalIntField(row, 6, path, evidence)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/aistudio/types.go b/internal/aistudio/types.go
index 3dd7a814..fe43bc9b 100644
--- a/internal/aistudio/types.go
+++ b/internal/aistudio/types.go
@@ -224,6 +224,8 @@ type GenerateRequest struct {
 	Config    GenerationConfig `json:"config,omitempty"`
 	Tools     Tools            `json:"tools,omitempty"`
 	AccountID string           `json:"account_id,omitempty"`
+	// ImageRoute 内部标记：图像生成模型（由模型目录能力推导）
+	ImageRoute bool `json:"-"`
 }
 
 // TokenCountRequest 表示计数请求