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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<title>Forestry Functions</title>
<link rel="Shortcut Icon" href="http://oak.snr.missouri.edu/sylvan/images/sylview-icon.ico">
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<p></p>
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<h1 align="left" width="90%" style="margin-left:45px; color:white; font-size:38 ">Forest Functions, <small> Computer code to help foresters</small></h1></div>
<br/><h2>Stand Stocking</h2>
<p>Stand stocking is a measure of site occupancy. It is often defined as a
maximum average stocking. This is often presented as a relative index
(percent stocking).</p>
<h3>Gingrich Stocking Charts</h3>
<p>The Gingrich Diagram was present in 1964, in conference proceedings
and again in 1967 in Forest Science. This diagram illustrates the
relationship between basal area per acre, density (trees per acres) and
the quadratic mean diameter (the diameter of the tree of average basal
area). The A-line is based on the normal stocking concept from normal
yield tables. Growth in stands above 100% is considered to
slow for normal forest management. The B-line is the point of crown
closure of trees with a maximum crown width. A stand on the B-line
is thought to have trees with no competition, yet no space wasted.
The C-line is an estimate based on normal yield table of the lowest stocking
that will grow to the B-line within ten years.</p>
<center><img src="img/gingrich.png" width="400" atl="[Image]" ><br>
<aa><small><i>Figure 1: Gingrich Stocking Diagram</i></small></aa>
</center>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="img/gingrich.png">Gingrich stocking
chart</a> (PNG format)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://oak.snr.missouri.edu/nr3110/topics/gingrich.pdf">Gingrich stocking
chart</a> (PDF format)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://oak.snr.missouri.edu/nr3110/topics/gingrich.ps">Gingrich stocking
chart</a> (Postscript format)</li>
</ul>
<h4> Visual Basic</h4>
<p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://oak.snr.missouri.edu/silviculture/mosilviculture/gingrich.xls">Gingrich stocking
chart</a> (Excel97® spreadsheet format)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://oak.snr.missouri.edu/silviculture/mosilviculture/gingrich-upland_oaks.xlsx">Gingrich stocking diagram - upland oaks</a> (Excel 2010 spreadsheet format) </li>
<li>
<a href="http://oak.snr.missouri.edu/silviculture/mosilviculture/gingrich-bottomland_hardwoods.xlsx">Gingrich stocking - bottomland_hardwoods </a> (Excel 2010 spreadsheet format) </li>
<li>
<a href="http://oak.snr.missouri.edu/silviculture/mosilviculture/gingrich-northern_red_oak.xlsx">Gingrich stocking - northern_red_oak</a> (Excel 2010 spreadsheet format) </li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
<h4> R Statistical Package Code</h4>
<div style="background-color:lightgrey;border:1px solid black;padding 10px">
</div>
</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<p>
<aa><b>Gingrich, S. F. </b>1967. Measuring and evaluating stocking and
stand density in Upland Hardwood forests in the Central States. <i>For.
Sci.</i> 13:38-53.</aa>
<p>
</p>
<aa><b>Husch, B., T. W. Beers and Kershaw, Jr., J. A. </b>. 2003. Forest Mensuration. Fourth Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York 402 p.</aa>
<p>
</p>
<aa><b>Kershaw, Jr, J. A. and B. C. Fischer.</b> 1991. Maximum size-density
relationships for sawtimber-sized mixed upland central hardwoods.
In: "The 8th Annual Central Hardwoods Conference", L. H. McCormick
and K. W. Gottschalk eds. <i>USDA, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station, General Technical Report</i>, NE-148, pp. 414-428.</aa>
</p>
<p/>
<aa><b>Krajicek, J. E. and K. A. Brinkman and S. F. Gingrich.</b> 1961.
Crown competition-a measure of density, <i>For. Sci.</i> 7:35-42.</aa>
</p>
<p><b>Larsen, D. R. Dan C. Dey and T Faust</b> 2010. A Stocking Diagram for Midwestern Eastern Cottonwood-Silver Maple-American Sycamore Bottomland Forests. <a href="http://www.safnet.org/publications/northern/index.cfm"><i>Northern Journal of Applied Forestry</i></a> 27(4)132-139.961. </P>
<p><b>McGill, D. W. and R. Rogers, A. J. Martin, and J. S. Johnson.</b> 1961. Measuring Stocking in Northern Red Oak Stands in Wisconsin,
<i>Northern Journal of Applied Forestry</i> 16(3):144-150. </p>
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<div align="right">
<small>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="img/by-sa.png" /></a><br />This <span xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text" rel="dc:type">work</span> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License</a>.
<br/>
<br/>
Author: Dr. David R. Larsen, Copyright 2001<br/>
Created: February 11, 2001<br/>
Last Updated: August 20, 2017</small>
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