diff --git a/src/components/__tests__/ConfirmationModal.test.tsx b/src/components/__tests__/ConfirmationModal.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c47e431
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+++ b/src/components/__tests__/ConfirmationModal.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+import { fireEvent, render, screen, within } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { ConfirmationModal } from '../ConfirmationModal';
+
+const focusTrapState = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  options: undefined as undefined | {
+    allowOutsideClick?: boolean;
+    escapeDeactivates?: boolean;
+    onDeactivate?: () => void;
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('focus-trap-react', () => ({
+  default: ({
+    children,
+    focusTrapOptions,
+  }: {
+    children: React.ReactNode;
+    focusTrapOptions?: typeof focusTrapState.options;
+  }) => {
+    focusTrapState.options = focusTrapOptions;
+    return <div data-testid="focus-trap">{children}</div>;
+  },
+}));
+
+const baseProps = {
+  isOpen: true,
+  onClose: vi.fn(),
+  onConfirm: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+function renderModal(props: Partial<React.ComponentProps<typeof ConfirmationModal>> = {}) {
+  const mergedProps = {
+    ...baseProps,
+    onClose: vi.fn(),
+    onConfirm: vi.fn(),
+    ...props,
+  };
+
+  render(<ConfirmationModal {...mergedProps} />);
+  return mergedProps;
+}
+
+describe('ConfirmationModal', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    focusTrapState.options = undefined;
+  });
+
+  it('does not render the dialog while closed', () => {
+    renderModal({ isOpen: false });
+
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('dialog')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.queryByText('Confirm Validation')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('starts with an explicit neutral state when no decision is selected', () => {
+    const props = renderModal();
+    const dialog = screen.getByRole('dialog', { name: 'Confirm Validation' });
+
+    const confirmButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Confirm' });
+    expect(confirmButton).toBeDisabled();
+    expect(confirmButton).toHaveClass('bg-blue-600');
+    expect(screen.queryByText('Irreversible Action')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.queryByText('Action Notification')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+
+    fireEvent.click(confirmButton);
+
+    expect(props.onConfirm).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    fireEvent.click(within(dialog).getByRole('button', { name: 'Approve' }));
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('Irreversible Action')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Confirm Approve' })).not.toBeDisabled();
+  });
+
+  it('renders the approval flow and confirms with notes', () => {
+    const props = renderModal({ initialDecision: 'approve', initialNotes: 'Looks complete.' });
+
+    expect(screen.getByRole('dialog', { name: 'Confirm Validation' })).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByText('Irreversible Action')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByText(/release vault funds/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+    const notes = screen.getByLabelText(/Verification Notes/i);
+    expect(notes).toHaveValue('Looks complete.');
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Confirm Approve' }));
+
+    expect(props.onConfirm).toHaveBeenCalledWith('approve', 'Looks complete.');
+    expect(props.onClose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('requires rejection notes and passes them through on confirm', () => {
+    const props = renderModal({ initialDecision: 'reject' });
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('Action Notification')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByText(/Funds will remain locked/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+    const confirmButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Confirm Reject' });
+    expect(confirmButton).toBeDisabled();
+    expect(screen.getByText('Notes are required for rejection.')).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+    fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/Verification Notes/i), {
+      target: { value: 'Evidence does not match the milestone.' },
+    });
+
+    expect(confirmButton).not.toBeDisabled();
+    fireEvent.click(confirmButton);
+
+    expect(props.onConfirm).toHaveBeenCalledWith('reject', 'Evidence does not match the milestone.');
+  });
+
+  it('supports cancel, close, and focus-trap deactivation without confirming', () => {
+    const props = renderModal({ initialDecision: 'approve' });
+    const dialog = screen.getByRole('dialog', { name: 'Confirm Validation' });
+
+    expect(focusTrapState.options).toMatchObject({
+      allowOutsideClick: true,
+      escapeDeactivates: true,
+    });
+    expect(focusTrapState.options?.onDeactivate).toBe(props.onClose);
+
+    fireEvent.click(within(dialog).getByRole('button', { name: 'Cancel' }));
+    fireEvent.click(within(dialog).getByRole('button', { name: 'Close modal' }));
+    focusTrapState.options?.onDeactivate?.();
+
+    expect(props.onClose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(props.onConfirm).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does not close or confirm when the backdrop is clicked', () => {
+    const props = renderModal({ initialDecision: 'approve' });
+    const dialog = screen.getByRole('dialog', { name: 'Confirm Validation' });
+
+    fireEvent.click(dialog);
+
+    expect(props.onClose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(props.onConfirm).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('renders the evidence link and allows switching decisions', () => {
+    renderModal({
+      initialDecision: 'approve',
+      evidenceUrl: 'https://example.com/evidence',
+    });
+
+    const evidenceLink = screen.getByRole('link', { name: /View submitted proof/i });
+    expect(evidenceLink).toHaveAttribute('href', 'https://example.com/evidence');
+    expect(evidenceLink).toHaveAttribute('target', '_blank');
+    expect(evidenceLink).toHaveAttribute('rel', 'noopener noreferrer');
+
+    const dialog = screen.getByRole('dialog', { name: 'Confirm Validation' });
+    fireEvent.click(within(dialog).getByRole('button', { name: 'Reject' }));
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('Action Notification')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Confirm Reject' })).toBeDisabled();
+  });
+
+  it('resets decision and notes from props each time it opens', () => {
+    const onClose = vi.fn();
+    const onConfirm = vi.fn();
+    const { rerender } = render(
+      <ConfirmationModal
+        isOpen
+        onClose={onClose}
+        onConfirm={onConfirm}
+        initialDecision="approve"
+        initialNotes="First review note"
+      />
+    );
+
+    fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/Verification Notes/i), {
+      target: { value: 'Edited before close' },
+    });
+
+    rerender(<ConfirmationModal isOpen={false} onClose={onClose} onConfirm={onConfirm} />);
+    rerender(
+      <ConfirmationModal
+        isOpen
+        onClose={onClose}
+        onConfirm={onConfirm}
+        initialDecision="reject"
+        initialNotes="Fresh rejection note"
+      />
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Confirm Reject' })).not.toBeDisabled();
+    expect(screen.getByLabelText(/Verification Notes/i)).toHaveValue('Fresh rejection note');
+  });
+});