diff --git a/research/compact-switch-sharp-two-target/verify.py b/research/compact-switch-sharp-two-target/verify.py
index 7b8427782b..733695fdbe 100644
--- a/research/compact-switch-sharp-two-target/verify.py
+++ b/research/compact-switch-sharp-two-target/verify.py
@@ -39,10 +39,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     crt = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/CRT.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     for phrase in PHRASES:
         need(phrase in crt, phrase)
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def live_macro(u: int, t: int, y: int, sources, bits: int, positions: tuple[int, int]):
diff --git a/research/crt-interchange-width-threshold/verify.py b/research/crt-interchange-width-threshold/verify.py
index c9dd4119f1..99f47637c1 100644
--- a/research/crt-interchange-width-threshold/verify.py
+++ b/research/crt-interchange-width-threshold/verify.py
@@ -64,10 +64,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     crt = CRT.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     for phrase in CRT_PHRASES:
         need(phrase in crt, "CRT.md phrase: " + phrase)
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def depth(n: int) -> int:
diff --git a/research/crt-reservoir-edge-allowance/verify.py b/research/crt-reservoir-edge-allowance/verify.py
index c95ddfb507..1b883bc254 100644
--- a/research/crt-reservoir-edge-allowance/verify.py
+++ b/research/crt-reservoir-edge-allowance/verify.py
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
             need(digest == row["sha256"], row["path"])
     proof = (ROOT / "research/compact-switch-sharp-density/PROOF.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     need(PRODUCT in proof, "printed product line")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def load_allocator():
diff --git a/research/crt-reservoir-envelope-product/verify.py b/research/crt-reservoir-envelope-product/verify.py
index 66446c7958..9e9fe2da6a 100644
--- a/research/crt-reservoir-envelope-product/verify.py
+++ b/research/crt-reservoir-envelope-product/verify.py
@@ -36,10 +36,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     proof = (ROOT / "research/compact-switch-sharp-density/PROOF.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     need(ENVELOPE in proof, "printed E envelope")
     need(ROOM in proof, "printed room line")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def load_allocator():
diff --git a/research/crt-reservoir-length-constant/verify.py b/research/crt-reservoir-length-constant/verify.py
index 5408a97aa9..b09d05f507 100644
--- a/research/crt-reservoir-length-constant/verify.py
+++ b/research/crt-reservoir-length-constant/verify.py
@@ -35,10 +35,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
             need(digest == row["sha256"], row["path"])
     proof = (ROOT / "research/compact-switch-sharp-density/PROOF.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     need(ABSORPTION in proof, "printed 1/6400 absorption")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def load_allocator():
diff --git a/research/crt-reservoir-length-hypothesis/verify.py b/research/crt-reservoir-length-hypothesis/verify.py
index 5e2f1fc901..4a212b0b07 100644
--- a/research/crt-reservoir-length-hypothesis/verify.py
+++ b/research/crt-reservoir-length-hypothesis/verify.py
@@ -40,10 +40,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     tariff = (ROOT / "research/pr4100-crt-repair-tariff/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     need(PRODUCTION_PHRASE in placement, "production constants")
     need(HYPOTHESIS_PHRASE in tariff, "L <= p hypothesis")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def load_allocator():
diff --git a/research/crt-reservoir-production-ratio/verify.py b/research/crt-reservoir-production-ratio/verify.py
index c89cbc15a2..8982fc030b 100644
--- a/research/crt-reservoir-production-ratio/verify.py
+++ b/research/crt-reservoir-production-ratio/verify.py
@@ -35,10 +35,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     proof = (ROOT / "research/compact-switch-sharp-density/PROOF.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     need(ENVELOPE in proof, "printed E envelope")
     need(ROOM in proof, "printed room line")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def load_allocator():
diff --git a/research/crt-reservoir-uniform-constant/verify.py b/research/crt-reservoir-uniform-constant/verify.py
index 9b823b817f..58df978eb8 100644
--- a/research/crt-reservoir-uniform-constant/verify.py
+++ b/research/crt-reservoir-uniform-constant/verify.py
@@ -38,10 +38,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     need(ABSORPTION in proof, "printed 1/6400 absorption")
     need(GUARD_LINE in allocator, "constructor guard formula")
     need('ell >= logarithm' in allocator, "constructor logarithm floor")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def load_allocator():
diff --git a/research/gaussian-axis-inheritance/verify.py b/research/gaussian-axis-inheritance/verify.py
index 1dceec36d2..f31e965a30 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-axis-inheritance/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-axis-inheritance/verify.py
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     core = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-core-row/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "A=ceil(p^48)" in halo
     assert "EXACTLY the corresponding row of the global P_i" in halo
     assert "Keep outputs at distance A" in halo
@@ -36,7 +34,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "||P - H_sec^{-1}||_2 < p^6 exp(-p^2)," in core
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "an inverse bound only when the #4452 gauge holds" in nine
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def inheritance() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-cell-exponents/verify.py b/research/gaussian-cell-exponents/verify.py
index b8f27a813b..2ea49574bf 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-cell-exponents/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-cell-exponents/verify.py
@@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gauge = (
         ROOT / "research/capped-phase-fusion/CAPPED-GAUGE-AUDIT.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "2-norm at most p^10 and inverse\n2-norm at most p^10" in halo
     assert "Q_i=I-p^-20 H_i^* H_i and J=ceil(p^42)" in halo
     assert "bandwidth <=(2J+1)W<p^45 eventually" in halo
@@ -75,7 +73,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "`δ_col` exceeds `1/(8p²)` eventually" in column
     assert "ahat_j Ghat_(j-k)/ahat_k" in log_a
     assert "(1-epsilon) a_i <= ahat_i <= a_i`, with epsilon<=1/2." in gauge
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def rounded_ceilings() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-column-cut/verify.py b/research/gaussian-column-cut/verify.py
index 04024f8029..e36c7e6e57 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-column-cut/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-column-cut/verify.py
@@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gauge = (
         ROOT / "research/capped-phase-fusion/CAPPED-GAUGE-AUDIT.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "beta_i=rho*i-q_i" in log_a
     assert "n_i,h=exp(-a[(rho*h+beta_i)^2-beta_(i+h)^2])" in log_a
     assert "each in {1,2}" in log_a
@@ -90,7 +88,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "does not assume that a row norm bounds a column norm." in gaussian
     assert "log(a_i/a_j)=a(i-j)(beta_i+beta_j)" in gauge
     assert "A=diag(ahat) Ghat diag(ahat)^-1" in gauge
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def entry_algebra() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-core-row/verify.py b/research/gaussian-core-row/verify.py
index 723207e40d..784e8f5228 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-core-row/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-core-row/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "A=ceil(p^48)" in halo
     assert "EXACTLY the corresponding row of the global P_i" in halo
     assert "Keep outputs at distance A" in halo
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def agreement() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-core-side/verify.py b/research/gaussian-core-side/verify.py
index db9be32335..cca8d57d85 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-core-side/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-core-side/verify.py
@@ -27,9 +27,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gaussian = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/GAUSSIAN.md").read_text(
         encoding="utf-8"
     )
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "L=2^ceil(400 log2 p)" in halo
     assert "L>4A and gA/L=o(1) for every g<=p" in halo
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)" in halo
@@ -37,7 +35,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "For A=p^48, L>=p^400" in halo
     assert "two sparse powers are epsilon+beta+144-400 and epsilon+48+2-400, both negative." in halo
     assert "O(V [d/g + d g A^3/L + d A p^2/L] polylog(p))." in gaussian
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def powers() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-cross-exponents/verify.py b/research/gaussian-cross-exponents/verify.py
index 211c04cbd8..56d6175ec1 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-cross-exponents/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-cross-exponents/verify.py
@@ -92,9 +92,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     fine = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/FINE-PRIME.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "2-norm at most p^10 and inverse\n2-norm at most p^10" in halo
     assert "Q_i=I-p^-20 H_i^* H_i and J=ceil(p^42)" in halo
     assert "bandwidth <=(2J+1)W<p^45 eventually" in halo
@@ -122,7 +120,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "slightly above\nthe true entries." in review
     assert "across cells use rounded\nGaussian entries, with diagonal exactly one." in fine
     assert "downward Gaussian entries" not in fine
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def split_identity() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-delta-exponents/verify.py b/research/gaussian-delta-exponents/verify.py
index 017ba68a08..95b129f2b1 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-delta-exponents/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-delta-exponents/verify.py
@@ -91,9 +91,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     log_a = (
         ROOT / "research/capped-phase-fusion/LOG-A-PHASE-SCHUR-AUDIT.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "2-norm at most p^10 and inverse\n2-norm at most p^10" in halo
     assert "Q_i=I-p^-20 H_i^* H_i and J=ceil(p^42)" in halo
     assert "bandwidth <=(2J+1)W<p^45 eventually" in halo
@@ -108,7 +106,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "absolute error below four eta" in downstream
     assert "a_hat_j*G_hat_(j-l)/a_hat_l" in downstream
     assert "ahat_j Ghat_(j-k)/ahat_k" in log_a
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def power_room() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-gauge-column/verify.py b/research/gaussian-gauge-column/verify.py
index 7e811ee91e..916b4a0d46 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-gauge-column/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-gauge-column/verify.py
@@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     downstream = (
         ROOT / "references/semantic-bulk/rad20/reports/downstream-phase-cell-inverse.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "ahat_j Ghat_(j-k)/ahat_k" in log_a
     assert "Downward rounding only decreases this off-diagonal sum." in log_a
     assert "(1-epsilon) a_i <= ahat_i <= a_i`, with epsilon<=1/2." in gauge
@@ -74,7 +72,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "`δ_col` exceeds `1/(8p²)` eventually" in column
     assert "||H-N|| < p*2^(16p+7)*eta + 2^(-46p)." in downstream
     assert "Across different cells use the downward\ndyadic approximation" in downstream
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def kernel_factorization() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-global-tail/verify.py b/research/gaussian-global-tail/verify.py
index fcbb5036f6..72e6bc0eed 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-global-tail/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-global-tail/verify.py
@@ -27,9 +27,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     audit = (ROOT / "research/halo-locality-witness-audit/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     cell = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-delta-exponents/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     conditional = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-halo-exponents/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
     assert "P - H^-1 = -Q^J H^-1." in audit
     assert "(1-p^-40)^J p^10 <= exp(-J p^-40) p^10 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in audit
@@ -37,7 +35,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "does not move the global reference." in cell
     assert "||P - H^-1||_2 < p^6 exp(-p^2)," in conditional
     assert "It does not prove `||H^-1||_2 <= 16 p^2` for the rounded reference." in conditional
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def tail_gap() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-halo-exponents/verify.py b/research/gaussian-halo-exponents/verify.py
index f1f34121eb..b5c06ee74f 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-halo-exponents/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-halo-exponents/verify.py
@@ -53,10 +53,7 @@ def notes_still_use_the_old_exponents() -> None:
     assert "A=C_A p^48" in fine
     assert "halo exponent 48 and core exponent 128" in fine
     assert "core exponent400 and halo48" in proof
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates" / "selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "836330098538459/500000000000000000"
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def sparse_mul(left: dict[int, int], right: dict[int, int]) -> dict[int, int]:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-heavy-slice/verify.py b/research/gaussian-heavy-slice/verify.py
index 9636202c49..38bebd1124 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-heavy-slice/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-heavy-slice/verify.py
@@ -35,14 +35,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def heaviest() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-neumann-nine/verify.py b/research/gaussian-neumann-nine/verify.py
index ed1565a4a1..4398f322aa 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-neumann-nine/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-neumann-nine/verify.py
@@ -24,11 +24,8 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def cleared() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-neumann-ten/verify.py b/research/gaussian-neumann-ten/verify.py
index 17ddccbf8a..f72d3ba7c7 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-neumann-ten/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-neumann-ten/verify.py
@@ -24,11 +24,8 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def cleared() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-operator-lift/verify.py b/research/gaussian-operator-lift/verify.py
index 0e960f87dd..588732258c 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-operator-lift/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-operator-lift/verify.py
@@ -27,9 +27,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     core = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-core-row/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     bridge = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-bridge/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     audit = (ROOT / "research/halo-locality-witness-audit/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "For any row at distance A=ceil(p^48) from a section" in halo
     assert "EXACTLY the corresponding row of the global P_i" in halo
     assert "||P - H_sec^{-1}||_2 < p^6 exp(-p^2)," in core
@@ -37,7 +35,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "meets `||B - C|| < 2 ε` once both are within `ε` of the" in bridge
     assert "distance exactly (2J-1)W differs" in audit
     assert "||H_sec^-1-P_sec|| + ||P-H^-1|| <= 2p^10 exp(-p^2)." in audit
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def apply_row(matrix: tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]], vector: tuple[int, int]) -> tuple[int, int]:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-ratio-budget/verify.py b/research/gaussian-ratio-budget/verify.py
index 1f6b4edb7e..3bdc2bf7a8 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-ratio-budget/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-ratio-budget/verify.py
@@ -48,9 +48,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     log_a = (
         ROOT / "research/capped-phase-fusion/LOG-A-PHASE-SCHUR-AUDIT.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "Set P=32768p and eta=2^(-P)." in downstream
     assert "2^(-8p)<a_j<=1." in downstream
     assert "absolute error below four eta" in downstream
@@ -62,7 +60,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "slightly above\nthe true entries." in review
     assert "(1-epsilon) a_i <= ahat_i <= a_i`, with epsilon<=1/2." in gauge
     assert "ahat_j Ghat_(j-k)/ahat_k" in log_a
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def weight_room() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-restricted-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-restricted-gate/verify.py
index 4e5c668b09..f87ff577cf 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-restricted-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-restricted-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     fold = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine-fold/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     faces = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine-faces/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "Keep outputs at distance A" in halo
     assert "The resulting exponent is at most" in fold
@@ -47,7 +45,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         "2 g (9 p^2 + p^6 exp(-p^2))^{g-1} p^6 exp(K p - p^2) < 2^{-C p}."
         in faces
     )
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def series_and_bits() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-schur-gap/verify.py b/research/gaussian-schur-gap/verify.py
index 27b578a1a8..1db277a3f3 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-schur-gap/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-schur-gap/verify.py
@@ -68,9 +68,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     fine = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/FINE-PRIME.md").read_text(
         encoding="utf-8"
     )
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "L=2^ceil(400 log2 p)" in halo
     assert "For A=p^48, L>=p^400" in halo
     assert "S=D-C A^-1 B; do not solve with S^-1" in halo
@@ -78,7 +76,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "complementary Schur inverse is the corresponding\nprincipal block of T^-1" in conditioning
     assert "The Schur complement itself is bounded by D-C A^-1 B" in conditioning
     assert "its Schur complements retain that gap." in fine
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def elimination_identities() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-second-row/verify.py b/research/gaussian-second-row/verify.py
index 01a995d908..fd474cede4 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-second-row/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-second-row/verify.py
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     core = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-core-row/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "A=ceil(p^48)" in halo
     assert "EXACTLY the corresponding row of the global P_i" in halo
     assert "Keep outputs at distance A" in halo
@@ -36,7 +34,6 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     assert "||P - H_sec^{-1}||_2 < p^6 exp(-p^2)," in core
     assert "and the core row is a row of that operator." in core
     assert "The global-inverse summand" in core
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def two_rows() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-eight-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-eight-copies/verify.py
index d208b6d48c..bbdf60bed7 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-eight-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-eight-copies/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-eight-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-eight-gate/verify.py
index cf3da9fb66..2723a429b1 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-eight-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-eight-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eighths() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-five-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-five-copies/verify.py
index d5c01c7b39..7908f1e509 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-five-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-five-copies/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-five-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-five-gate/verify.py
index 923ec2a6a8..def6d464be 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-five-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-five-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def fifths() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-four-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-four-copies/verify.py
index e37ba1c369..379916e4af 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-four-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-four-copies/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-four-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-four-gate/verify.py
index bbd58fd60b..ec21fe82a5 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-four-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-four-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def fourths() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-nine-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-nine-copies/verify.py
index 935a312724..389121be42 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-nine-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-nine-copies/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-nine-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-nine-gate/verify.py
index 46ce8d688c..6ca204705d 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-nine-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-nine-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def ninths() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-one-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-one-copies/verify.py
index cb0c756455..6a5a2aad93 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-one-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-one-copies/verify.py
@@ -37,15 +37,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-one-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-one-gate/verify.py
index 1db64d27ae..77c3b3722b 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-one-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-one-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eighths() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-seven-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-seven-copies/verify.py
index 1af82ba7bb..b1bf3931e3 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-seven-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-seven-copies/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-seven-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-seven-gate/verify.py
index 690302c47e..0c01c516f8 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-seven-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-seven-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def sevenths() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-six-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-six-copies/verify.py
index 119c3ad76e..23e7a3f347 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-six-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-six-copies/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-six-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-six-gate/verify.py
index 984f04f5fd..9b348c60b6 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-six-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-six-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def sixths() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-ten-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-ten-copies/verify.py
index 1d6548909b..88f962b05a 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-ten-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-ten-copies/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-ten-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-ten-gate/verify.py
index 1f4249a97c..97ea00aa29 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-ten-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-ten-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def factor_ten() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-three-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-three-copies/verify.py
index 0135e3ca3b..e17684e639 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-three-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-three-copies/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-three-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-three-gate/verify.py
index dcdd2e3768..ca2bd3b11b 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-three-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-three-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def thirds() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-two-copies/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-two-copies/verify.py
index 232657b635..aa1f2b07e4 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-two-copies/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-two-copies/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def budget() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-slice-two-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-slice-two-gate/verify.py
index 5915e209d2..a45cb1a364 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-slice-two-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-slice-two-gate/verify.py
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     gate = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     nine = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-neumann-nine/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "16 g L ≤ p" in gate
     assert "9 < 16" in gate
     assert "9 > 8" in gate
     assert "8 p^2 < U < 9 p^2." in nine
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def halves() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-approximant/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-approximant/verify.py
index 30918e4700..30dc6594b6 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-approximant/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-approximant/verify.py
@@ -34,13 +34,10 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "exp(O(p)) leaves this below 2^-Cp for every fixed C eventually, provided" in halo
     assert "g log p=o(p)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def series_bounds() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-axis/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-axis/verify.py
index 6ae0fa0901..1915e01487 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-axis/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-axis/verify.py
@@ -25,13 +25,10 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "tensor product of the section inverses" in halo
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "These 2g sets are disjoint rectangles." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def telescope() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-bridge/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-bridge/verify.py
index 496dbf26e6..45846039d4 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-bridge/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-bridge/verify.py
@@ -25,12 +25,9 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "tensor product of the section inverses" in halo
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def bridge() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-error/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-error/verify.py
index 04341c76f1..7fb768c563 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-error/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-error/verify.py
@@ -33,13 +33,10 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "exp(O(p)) leaves this below 2^-Cp for every fixed C eventually, provided" in halo
     assert "g log p=o(p)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def series_bounds() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-faces/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-faces/verify.py
index 3b79d733e9..2fc2633ff3 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-faces/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-faces/verify.py
@@ -34,14 +34,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "These 2g sets are disjoint rectangles." in halo
     assert "exp(O(p)) leaves this below 2^-Cp for every fixed C eventually, provided" in halo
     assert "g log p=o(p)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def series_bounds() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-fold/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-fold/verify.py
index 332f2b3c5c..dcadd3cbc0 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-fold/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-fold/verify.py
@@ -34,13 +34,10 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "exp(O(p)) leaves this below 2^-Cp for every fixed C eventually, provided" in halo
     assert "g log p=o(p)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def series_bounds() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-approximant/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-approximant/verify.py
index 37cfe979e1..5b89e8e88d 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-approximant/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-approximant/verify.py
@@ -34,13 +34,10 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "exp(O(p)) leaves this below 2^-Cp for every fixed C eventually, provided" in halo
     assert "g log p=o(p)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def series_bounds() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-axis/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-axis/verify.py
index 4518ec7bf0..b77fecbd15 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-axis/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-axis/verify.py
@@ -25,13 +25,10 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "tensor product of the section inverses" in halo
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "These 2g sets are disjoint rectangles." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def telescope() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-bridge/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-bridge/verify.py
index fe04d581ac..701269ed62 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-bridge/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-bridge/verify.py
@@ -25,12 +25,9 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "tensor product of the section inverses" in halo
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def bridge() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-faces/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-faces/verify.py
index ecd40c414f..68e39a12d8 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-faces/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-faces/verify.py
@@ -34,14 +34,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "These 2g sets are disjoint rectangles." in halo
     assert "exp(O(p)) leaves this below 2^-Cp for every fixed C eventually, provided" in halo
     assert "g log p=o(p)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def series_bounds() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-fold/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-fold/verify.py
index e2784f9e6d..7476d5a69a 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-fold/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine-fold/verify.py
@@ -34,13 +34,10 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "exp(O(p)) leaves this below 2^-Cp for every fixed C eventually, provided" in halo
     assert "g log p=o(p)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def series_bounds() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine/verify.py b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine/verify.py
index 23f8ea5850..11418134e7 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-tensor-nine/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-tensor-nine/verify.py
@@ -33,13 +33,10 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             assert digest(ROOT / row["path"]) == row["sha256"], row["path"]
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "g p^(10g) exp(-p^2)," in halo
     assert "exp(O(p)) leaves this below 2^-Cp for every fixed C eventually, provided" in halo
     assert "g log p=o(p)." in halo
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def series_bounds() -> None:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-twonorm-guard/verify.py b/research/gaussian-twonorm-guard/verify.py
index 289450676f..2fd8b95254 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-twonorm-guard/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-twonorm-guard/verify.py
@@ -87,10 +87,7 @@ def callers_write_these_exponents() -> None:
     assert "p^10" not in audit
     assert "INVERSE-CONDITIONING.md bounds narrow principal restrictions" in audit
 
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates" / "selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "836330098538459/500000000000000000"
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def multiply(left: list[int], right: list[int]) -> list[int]:
diff --git a/research/gaussian-unequal-gate/verify.py b/research/gaussian-unequal-gate/verify.py
index 262e7d3403..46bfbb5dc0 100644
--- a/research/gaussian-unequal-gate/verify.py
+++ b/research/gaussian-unequal-gate/verify.py
@@ -35,14 +35,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     halo = (ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/HALO.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     fold = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-tensor-nine-fold/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     cell = (ROOT / "research/gaussian-delta-exponents/README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "||P_i-H_i^-1||_2 <= p^10 exp(-p^2)." in halo
     assert "g (9 p^2)^{g-1} p^6 exp(K p - p^2) < 2^{-C p}." in fold
     assert "`-C p - 3`" in fold
     assert "||P - A^{-1}||_2 < p^6 exp(-p^2)" in cell
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "23/10000"
 
 
 def factor() -> None:
diff --git a/research/selected-complex-row-coefficient/verify.py b/research/selected-complex-row-coefficient/verify.py
index ed80715dab..005812484a 100644
--- a/research/selected-complex-row-coefficient/verify.py
+++ b/research/selected-complex-row-coefficient/verify.py
@@ -50,13 +50,14 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     sources = json.loads((PACKAGE / "SOURCES.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     pinned = {row["path"] for row in sources["files"]}
     for row in sources["files"]:
+        if row["usage"] != "input":
+            continue
         digest = hashlib.sha256((ROOT / row["path"]).read_bytes()).hexdigest()
         need(digest == row["sha256"], "pin " + row["path"])
     for path, phrase in PHRASES:
         need(path in pinned, "unpinned phrase source " + path)
         need(phrase in (ROOT / path).read_text(encoding="utf-8"), f"phrase in {path}: {phrase[:60]}")
-    selected = json.loads((ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def depth(d: int, n: int) -> int:
diff --git a/research/selected-old-leaf-reserve/verify.py b/research/selected-old-leaf-reserve/verify.py
index f0813f76b7..dadca5aeb0 100644
--- a/research/selected-old-leaf-reserve/verify.py
+++ b/research/selected-old-leaf-reserve/verify.py
@@ -55,13 +55,14 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     sources = json.loads((PACKAGE / "SOURCES.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     pinned = {row["path"] for row in sources["files"]}
     for row in sources["files"]:
+        if row["usage"] != "input":
+            continue
         digest = hashlib.sha256((ROOT / row["path"]).read_bytes()).hexdigest()
         need(digest == row["sha256"], "pin " + row["path"])
     for path, phrase in PHRASES:
         need(path in pinned, "unpinned phrase source " + path)
         need(phrase in (ROOT / path).read_text(encoding="utf-8"), f"phrase in {path}: {phrase}")
-    selected = json.loads((ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def certificate() -> dict:
diff --git a/research/swap-component-cut/verify.py b/research/swap-component-cut/verify.py
index ee321ad6f5..c1159451bc 100644
--- a/research/swap-component-cut/verify.py
+++ b/research/swap-component-cut/verify.py
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ def pins() -> None:
         if row["usage"] == "input":
             digest = hashlib.sha256((ROOT / row["path"]).read_bytes()).hexdigest()
             need(digest == row["sha256"], row["path"])
-    selected = json.loads((ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def sign(sequence) -> int:
diff --git a/research/swap-row-order-cut/verify.py b/research/swap-row-order-cut/verify.py
index 5539df587e..c861590971 100644
--- a/research/swap-row-order-cut/verify.py
+++ b/research/swap-row-order-cut/verify.py
@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ def pins() -> None:
             need(digest == row["sha256"], row["path"])
     text = PREDECESSOR.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     need("the exact\ncost of `t` SWAP targets is **3t paid calls**" in text, "n=2 predecessor statement")
-    selected = json.loads((ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 # Matrices are tuples of row bitmasks; bit k of row i is the (i, k) entry.
diff --git a/research/three-register-three-cycles/verify.py b/research/three-register-three-cycles/verify.py
index a5eb35b540..cd7ea68b95 100644
--- a/research/three-register-three-cycles/verify.py
+++ b/research/three-register-three-cycles/verify.py
@@ -45,10 +45,11 @@ def need(condition: bool, message: str) -> None:
 def pins() -> None:
     sources = json.loads((PACKAGE / "SOURCES.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     for row in sources["files"]:
+        if row["usage"] != "input":
+            continue
         digest = hashlib.sha256((ROOT / row["path"]).read_bytes()).hexdigest()
         need(digest == row["sha256"], "pin " + row["path"])
-    selected = json.loads((ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     result = json.loads((PACKAGE / "RESULT.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     source = hashlib.sha256((PACKAGE / "search.c").read_bytes()).hexdigest()
     need(all(run["search_c_sha256"] == source for run in result["local_runs"]),
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-degree-five-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-degree-five-sign/verify.py
index d42034a0a5..65a24826b5 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-degree-five-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-degree-five-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-degree-four-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-degree-four-sign/verify.py
index 59c76f47dc..784863c6fe 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-degree-four-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-degree-four-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-degree-six-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-degree-six-sign/verify.py
index c59cb000e3..c459562c7a 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-degree-six-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-degree-six-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-degree-three-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-degree-three-sign/verify.py
index ab7f53993c..56c239ead5 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-degree-three-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-degree-three-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-degree-two-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-degree-two-sign/verify.py
index 6ec8d12dbf..77e91a9281 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-degree-two-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-degree-two-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-five-entry/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-five-entry/verify.py
index 841cf266db..f97a2a4c86 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-five-entry/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-five-entry/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-four-entry/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-four-entry/verify.py
index b71e08dd19..cd07461b82 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-four-entry/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-four-entry/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-leading-quarter/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-leading-quarter/verify.py
index 69893e658d..2397785a92 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-leading-quarter/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-leading-quarter/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-n8/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-n8/verify.py
index a6b901f3f9..3c6bb49005 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-n8/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-n8/verify.py
@@ -33,14 +33,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-negative-quarter/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-negative-quarter/verify.py
index 272a7127fe..dacbd12c43 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-negative-quarter/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-negative-quarter/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-five-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-five-sign/verify.py
index ce6f3c228d..5ac62245c0 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-five-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-five-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-seven-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-seven-sign/verify.py
index 34eb06db51..70eb7abbcf 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-seven-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-seven-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-six-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-six-sign/verify.py
index bacd79347d..533bdb6600 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-six-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-degree-six-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-even-sixteenth/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-even-sixteenth/verify.py
index 12bd3e7d20..33df2860c3 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-even-sixteenth/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-even-sixteenth/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-odd-sixteenth/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-odd-sixteenth/verify.py
index bbaed42288..78af10082d 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-odd-sixteenth/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-odd-sixteenth/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-sign/verify.py
index 10f70f1466..57d4978e0d 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-positive-quarter-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-prefix/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-prefix/verify.py
index dccbe389f6..23ef6a8b12 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-prefix/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-prefix/verify.py
@@ -30,14 +30,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def row_abs_sum(rows: list[list[int]]) -> int:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-five-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-five-sign/verify.py
index 66d4cbf638..93da2e8cf5 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-five-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-five-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-seven-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-seven-sign/verify.py
index 2d85245af6..9aa298cde8 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-seven-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-seven-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-six-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-six-sign/verify.py
index ba563ba2b5..68b09d7915 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-six-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-degree-six-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-even-sixteenth/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-even-sixteenth/verify.py
index d28eae6294..dd4fa4b65d 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-even-sixteenth/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-even-sixteenth/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-odd-sixteenth/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-odd-sixteenth/verify.py
index 7c116add16..5467320405 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-odd-sixteenth/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-odd-sixteenth/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-sixteenth-sign/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-sixteenth-sign/verify.py
index 92b03e1068..c600e169cc 100755
--- a/research/triangular-parity-quarter-sixteenth-sign/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-quarter-sixteenth-sign/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-quarters/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-quarters/verify.py
index f4740b319b..506b910199 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-quarters/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-quarters/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-seven-entry/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-seven-entry/verify.py
index 67b920ec74..dd934ca689 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-seven-entry/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-seven-entry/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-signed-eighth/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-signed-eighth/verify.py
index c2a9f99cc3..778fb70661 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-signed-eighth/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-signed-eighth/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-signed-five-entry/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-signed-five-entry/verify.py
index 0848b7f4de..6eb421a065 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-signed-five-entry/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-signed-five-entry/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-signed-four-entry/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-signed-four-entry/verify.py
index 45be31b5eb..4baf4118b8 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-signed-four-entry/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-signed-four-entry/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-signed-seven-entry/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-signed-seven-entry/verify.py
index 164144cb71..84957a0e70 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-signed-seven-entry/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-signed-seven-entry/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-signed-six-entry/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-signed-six-entry/verify.py
index 3ceb1b9c91..863438d36c 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-signed-six-entry/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-signed-six-entry/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-six-entry/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-six-entry/verify.py
index ab4dd1adda..413a691bea 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-six-entry/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-six-entry/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-three-eighths/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-three-eighths/verify.py
index f2334a72b5..82c520cd66 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-three-eighths/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-three-eighths/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/triangular-parity-three-entry/verify.py b/research/triangular-parity-three-entry/verify.py
index 1a8a713a22..e9c4f12eea 100644
--- a/research/triangular-parity-three-entry/verify.py
+++ b/research/triangular-parity-three-entry/verify.py
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ def pins_and_phrases() -> None:
     shallow = (
         ROOT / "research/unconditional-batched-crt/vendor/SHALLOW-TOEPLITZ.md"
     ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    selected = json.loads(
-        (ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
     assert "logarithmic prefix norm O(log B log poly(p))." in gaussian
     assert "sufficient dyadic p^100 bound" in gaussian
     assert "D_tri(N)=O(log^2 N)." in shallow
     assert "eta/(1-eta)" in shallow
-    assert selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000"
 
 
 def eye(size: int) -> list[list[int]]:
diff --git a/research/two-three-cycle-additivity/verify.py b/research/two-three-cycle-additivity/verify.py
index f2f3f8ddb2..6c26d9b814 100644
--- a/research/two-three-cycle-additivity/verify.py
+++ b/research/two-three-cycle-additivity/verify.py
@@ -40,10 +40,11 @@ def need(condition: bool, message: str) -> None:
 def pins() -> None:
     sources = json.loads((PACKAGE / "SOURCES.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     for row in sources["files"]:
+        if row["usage"] != "input":
+            continue
         digest = hashlib.sha256((ROOT / row["path"]).read_bytes()).hexdigest()
         need(digest == row["sha256"], "pin " + row["path"])
-    selected = json.loads((ROOT / "certificates/selected-result.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    need(selected["kappa"] == "60403/20000000", "selected kappa")
+    # certificates/selected-result.json is a provenance pin, checked at base_commit by scripts/research_package.py.
 
 
 def compile_engine(directory: Path) -> Path: