diff --git a/src/lib/fmt.test.ts b/src/lib/fmt.test.ts
index 7b9f33c55..454617579 100644
--- a/src/lib/fmt.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/fmt.test.ts
@@ -6,14 +6,22 @@ describe("fmtBytes", () => {
     expect(fmtBytes(0)).toBe("0 B");
     expect(fmtBytes(512)).toBe("512 B");
   });
-  it("uses one decimal below 10 in larger units", () => {
-    expect(fmtBytes(1024)).toBe("1.0 KB");
-    expect(fmtBytes(1536)).toBe("1.5 KB");
+  it("uses IEC binary prefixes when scaling by powers of 1024", () => {
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024)).toBe("1.0 KiB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(1536)).toBe("1.5 KiB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 2)).toBe("1.0 MiB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 3)).toBe("1.0 GiB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 4)).toBe("1.0 TiB");
   });
   it("drops decimals at 10 and above", () => {
-    expect(fmtBytes(10 * 1024)).toBe("10 KB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(10 * 1024)).toBe("10 KiB");
   });
-  it("caps at TB", () => {
-    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 5)).toBe("1024 TB");
+  it("uses the complete IEC 80000-13:2025 binary-prefix ladder", () => {
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 5)).toBe("1.0 PiB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 6)).toBe("1.0 EiB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 7)).toBe("1.0 ZiB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 8)).toBe("1.0 YiB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 9)).toBe("1.0 RiB");
+    expect(fmtBytes(1024 ** 10)).toBe("1.0 QiB");
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/lib/fmt.ts b/src/lib/fmt.ts
index 95e22d1fa..df2c9156b 100644
--- a/src/lib/fmt.ts
+++ b/src/lib/fmt.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Format a byte count with IEC 80000-13:2025 binary prefixes.
+ *
+ * Scaled values below ten retain one decimal place. Byte values and scaled
+ * values of ten or more use the existing whole-number presentation so callers
+ * keep a compact, consistent UI.
+ */
 export function fmtBytes(n: number): string {
-  const units = ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB"];
+  const units = [
+    "B",
+    "KiB",
+    "MiB",
+    "GiB",
+    "TiB",
+    "PiB",
+    "EiB",
+    "ZiB",
+    "YiB",
+    "RiB",
+    "QiB",
+  ];
   let v = n;
   let i = 0;
   while (v >= 1024 && i < units.length - 1) {
diff --git a/src/lib/verdictBadge.test.ts b/src/lib/verdictBadge.test.ts
index 5a86dc49f..d10e93e65 100644
--- a/src/lib/verdictBadge.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/verdictBadge.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
-import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { verdictBadge } from "./verdictBadge";
 
 describe("verdictBadge", () => {
-  it("maps each verdict to a distinct label", () => {
-    expect(verdictBadge("safe").label).toBe("안전");
+  it("keeps model advice distinct without presenting safe as deletion authorization", () => {
+    const safe = verdictBadge("safe");
+    expect(safe.label).toBe("낮은 위험");
+    expect(safe.title).toContain("자문");
+    expect(safe.title).toContain("검증");
+    expect(safe.title).not.toContain("삭제해도 안전");
+
     expect(verdictBadge("caution").label).toBe("주의");
     expect(verdictBadge("keep").label).toBe("보관");
     expect(verdictBadge("unrated").label).toBe("미판정");
diff --git a/src/lib/verdictBadge.ts b/src/lib/verdictBadge.ts
index 2b2e11fd1..351005261 100644
--- a/src/lib/verdictBadge.ts
+++ b/src/lib/verdictBadge.ts
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ export interface VerdictBadge {
   title: string;
 }
 
-/** LLM 삭제-안전 판정 → 배지 표시. 미상/미판정은 unrated로 폴백. 자문(advisory)일 뿐. */
+/** LLM 위험도 자문 결과 → 배지 표시. 미상/미판정은 unrated로 폴백하며 삭제 권한을 부여하지 않는다. */
 export function verdictBadge(v: Verdict | string): VerdictBadge {
   switch (v) {
     case "safe":
-      return { label: "안전", cls: "badge-safe", title: "삭제해도 안전 (자문)" };
+      return { label: "낮은 위험", cls: "badge-safe", title: "모델 자문: 낮은 위험 — 작업 전 검증 필요" };
     case "caution":
       return { label: "주의", cls: "badge-caution", title: "삭제 주의 — 확인 권장 (자문)" };
     case "keep":