diff --git a/experiments/debian12-13/.gitignore b/experiments/debian12-13/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d587e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/debian12-13/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+out/
+logs/
diff --git a/experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian12 b/experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian12
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c17a282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian12
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    bash \
+    make \
+    gcc-arm-none-eabi \
+    binutils-arm-none-eabi \
+    libnewlib-arm-none-eabi \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+WORKDIR /workspace
+
diff --git a/experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian13 b/experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian13
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b32e475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian13
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+FROM debian:13-slim
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    bash \
+    make \
+    gcc-arm-none-eabi \
+    binutils-arm-none-eabi \
+    libnewlib-arm-none-eabi \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+WORKDIR /workspace
+
diff --git a/experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian13-remediated b/experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian13-remediated
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeca009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian13-remediated
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+FROM debian:13-slim
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    bash \
+    make \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bookworm.list \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    gcc-arm-none-eabi=15:12.2.rel1-1 \
+    binutils-arm-none-eabi=2.40-2+18+b1 \
+    libnewlib-arm-none-eabi=3.3.0-1.3+deb12u1 \
+    libnewlib-dev=3.3.0-1.3+deb12u1 \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+WORKDIR /workspace
+
diff --git a/experiments/debian12-13/README.md b/experiments/debian12-13/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c039c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/debian12-13/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Debian 12 vs 13 Experiment
+
+This experiment runs a fair, per-image comparison.
+
+- All images run the same build workflow: `make binaries`
+- Output is reported as per-image `PASS/FAIL`
+- `debian13-remediated` can be included as an extra case
+
+## Run
+
+```bash
+./experiments/debian12-13/run-compare.sh
+```
+
+Optional modes:
+
+```bash
+# Skip remediation path
+RUN_REMEDIATION=0 ./experiments/debian12-13/run-compare.sh
+
+# Return non-zero if any image fails
+FAIL_ON_ANY=1 ./experiments/debian12-13/run-compare.sh
+```
+
+## What it does
+
+1. Builds images:
+   - `experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian12`
+   - `experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian13`
+2. Optionally builds remediation image:
+   - `experiments/debian12-13/Dockerfile.debian13-remediated`
+3. Captures toolchain versions (`arm-none-eabi-gcc`, `arm-none-eabi-ld`)
+4. Runs the same build command for each image:
+   - `make binaries BUILD=<case-output-dir>`
+5. Uses isolated output dirs under this folder:
+   - `experiments/debian12-13/out/build-debian12`
+   - `experiments/debian12-13/out/build-debian13`
+   - `experiments/debian12-13/out/build-debian13-remediated`
+6. Prints a result matrix with:
+   - case name
+   - `PASS/FAIL`
+   - exit code
+   - gcc/ld version lines
diff --git a/experiments/debian12-13/run-compare.sh b/experiments/debian12-13/run-compare.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ece5f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/debian12-13/run-compare.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/../.." && pwd)"
+cd "$ROOT_DIR"
+
+RUN_REMEDIATION="${RUN_REMEDIATION:-1}"
+FAIL_ON_ANY="${FAIL_ON_ANY:-0}"
+
+if [[ -t 1 ]]; then
+    COLOR_PASS=$'\033[32m'
+    COLOR_FAIL=$'\033[31m'
+    COLOR_RESET=$'\033[0m'
+else
+    COLOR_PASS=""
+    COLOR_FAIL=""
+    COLOR_RESET=""
+fi
+
+declare -a NAMES
+declare -a IMAGES
+declare -a DOCKERFILES
+declare -a OUTDIRS
+declare -a GCC_LINES
+declare -a LD_LINES
+declare -a EXIT_CODES
+declare -a RESULTS
+
+add_case() {
+    NAMES+=("$1")
+    IMAGES+=("$2")
+    DOCKERFILES+=("$3")
+    OUTDIRS+=("$4")
+}
+
+add_case \
+    "debian12" \
+    "${IMAGE12:-airbreak-exp:debian12}" \
+    "$SCRIPT_DIR/Dockerfile.debian12" \
+    "experiments/debian12-13/out/build-debian12"
+
+add_case \
+    "debian13" \
+    "${IMAGE13:-airbreak-exp:debian13}" \
+    "$SCRIPT_DIR/Dockerfile.debian13" \
+    "experiments/debian12-13/out/build-debian13"
+
+if [[ "$RUN_REMEDIATION" == "1" ]]; then
+    add_case \
+        "debian13-remediated" \
+        "${IMAGE13_REMEDIATED:-airbreak-exp:debian13-remediated}" \
+        "$SCRIPT_DIR/Dockerfile.debian13-remediated" \
+        "experiments/debian12-13/out/build-debian13-remediated"
+fi
+
+run_in_image() {
+    local image="$1"
+    shift
+    docker run --rm \
+        --mount "type=bind,source=$ROOT_DIR,target=/workspace" \
+        -w /workspace \
+        "$image" \
+        bash -lc "$*"
+}
+
+echo "[0/4] Clean experiment output directory"
+rm -rf "$SCRIPT_DIR/out"
+mkdir -p "$SCRIPT_DIR/out"
+
+echo "[1/4] Build images"
+for i in "${!NAMES[@]}"; do
+    echo " - ${NAMES[$i]} (${IMAGES[$i]})"
+    docker build -f "${DOCKERFILES[$i]}" -t "${IMAGES[$i]}" .
+done
+
+echo "[2/4] Capture toolchain versions"
+for i in "${!NAMES[@]}"; do
+    gcc_line="$(run_in_image "${IMAGES[$i]}" "arm-none-eabi-gcc --version | head -n 1")"
+    ld_line="$(run_in_image "${IMAGES[$i]}" "arm-none-eabi-ld --version | head -n 1")"
+    GCC_LINES+=("$gcc_line")
+    LD_LINES+=("$ld_line")
+    echo " - ${NAMES[$i]} gcc: $gcc_line"
+    echo " - ${NAMES[$i]} ld : $ld_line"
+done
+
+echo "[3/4] Run same build workflow for each image (fair comparison)"
+for i in "${!NAMES[@]}"; do
+    outdir="${OUTDIRS[$i]}"
+    set +e
+    run_in_image "${IMAGES[$i]}" "rm -rf $outdir; mkdir -p $outdir; make binaries BUILD=$outdir"
+    code=$?
+    set -e
+    EXIT_CODES+=("$code")
+    if [[ "$code" -eq 0 ]]; then
+        RESULTS+=("PASS")
+        echo " - ${NAMES[$i]}: ${COLOR_PASS}PASS${COLOR_RESET}"
+    else
+        RESULTS+=("FAIL")
+        echo " - ${NAMES[$i]}: ${COLOR_FAIL}FAIL${COLOR_RESET} (exit=$code)"
+    fi
+done
+
+echo "[4/4] Result matrix"
+for i in "${!NAMES[@]}"; do
+    if [[ "${RESULTS[$i]}" == "PASS" ]]; then
+        status_colored="${COLOR_PASS}${RESULTS[$i]}${COLOR_RESET}"
+    else
+        status_colored="${COLOR_FAIL}${RESULTS[$i]}${COLOR_RESET}"
+    fi
+    echo "- ${NAMES[$i]} | ${status_colored} | exit=${EXIT_CODES[$i]}"
+    echo "    gcc: ${GCC_LINES[$i]}"
+    echo "    ld : ${LD_LINES[$i]}"
+done
+
+if [[ "$FAIL_ON_ANY" == "1" ]]; then
+    for code in "${EXIT_CODES[@]}"; do
+        if [[ "$code" -ne 0 ]]; then
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    done
+fi
+
+exit 0