codec_agent_runner.py

"""CODEC Phase 3 Step 9 — Background Execution + Permission Gate.

PM2-managed daemon `codec-agent-runner` that picks up status=approved
plans (from Step 8), executes their checkpoints autonomously via
Qwen-3.6 ↔ skill loops, enforces the permission manifest, persists
state for resume-after-restart.

Reuses:
  - codec_audit (Step 1) for paired-cid envelope
  - codec_dispatch.run_skill (Step 2 plugin hooks fire automatically)
  - codec_ask_user (Step 3) for outside-manifest grant prompts
  - codec_ask_user.strict_consent (Step 3 §1.7) for destructive ops
  - codec_dashboard._StepBudget (Step 3) for per-checkpoint cap
  - codec_agent_plan (Step 8) for plan/state/manifest/grants R/W

See docs/PHASE3-BLUEPRINT.md §3 for design rationale.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import fnmatch
import hashlib
import json
import logging
import os
import re
import secrets
import threading
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional

log = logging.getLogger("codec_agent_runner")

# ── Audit event constants (mirror codec_audit) ────────────────────────────────
try:
    from codec_audit import (
        AGENT_STARTED, AGENT_CHECKPOINT_STARTED, AGENT_CHECKPOINT_COMPLETED,
        AGENT_PAUSED, AGENT_RESUMED, AGENT_BLOCKED_ON_PERMISSION,
        AGENT_COMPLETED, AGENT_ABORTED,
    )
except ImportError:
    AGENT_STARTED = "agent_started"
    AGENT_CHECKPOINT_STARTED = "agent_checkpoint_started"
    AGENT_CHECKPOINT_COMPLETED = "agent_checkpoint_completed"
    AGENT_PAUSED = "agent_paused"
    AGENT_RESUMED = "agent_resumed"
    AGENT_BLOCKED_ON_PERMISSION = "agent_blocked_on_permission"
    AGENT_COMPLETED = "agent_completed"
    AGENT_ABORTED = "agent_aborted"


# ── Configurable knobs (overridable for tests) ────────────────────────────────
DAEMON_TICK_SECONDS = 5
DEFAULT_MAX_CONCURRENT = 3
DESTRUCTIVE_CONSENT_TIMEOUT_S = 600  # Step 3 §1.7 default — overnight = block, not abort
# Default per-checkpoint step budget. Kept in sync with codec_agent_plan.py.
# Real tasks (multi-fetch, multi-file) routinely need 30-50 steps; 60 gives
# comfortable headroom without being unlimited.
DEFAULT_STEP_BUDGET_PER_CHECKPOINT = 60
# B-14: hard cumulative ceiling on a single checkpoint's step_budget. The
# /extend_budget endpoint can bump a paused checkpoint's budget, but never above
# this — otherwise the only backstop against a runaway/looping agent (the step
# budget) can be extended without limit. ~8x the default; tune via this constant.
MAX_CHECKPOINT_STEP_BUDGET = 500


# ── Action dataclass ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@dataclass
class Action:
    """One proposed step in a checkpoint loop. Returned by
    Qwen-3.6's next-action driver, evaluated by permission_gate,
    executed via codec_dispatch.run_skill.

    Phase 3.5 review M4: `reads_path` + `read_path` added for symmetric
    read/write gating. `touches_path`/`path` is the write side."""
    skill: str
    task: str
    is_destructive: bool = False
    network_call: bool = False
    network_domain: str = ""
    touches_path: bool = False
    path: str = ""
    reads_path: bool = False        # Phase 3.5 review M4: read enforcement
    read_path: str = ""             # Phase 3.5 review M4
    kind: str = "skill_call"   # "skill_call" | "checkpoint_done"


# ── PermissionViolation ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class PermissionViolation(Exception):
    """An Action references something outside the union of per-agent
    grants + global allowlist. Caught by _run_agent and translated
    to status=blocked_on_permission + ask_user notification."""

    def __init__(self, reason: str, needed: str, message: str = ""):
        self.reason = reason
        self.needed = needed
        super().__init__(message or f"{reason}: {needed}")


# ── Permission gate ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def _emit_gate_blocked(action_path: str, reason: str, agent_id: str = "") -> None:
    """Emit a `permission_gate_blocked` audit event on rejection. Forensic
    visibility per audit D-5 closure — operators can grep ~/.codec/audit.log
    for blocked-action attempts. Never raises (audit failure must not mask
    the underlying refusal)."""
    try:
        from codec_audit import log_event
        try:
            real = os.path.realpath(os.path.expanduser(action_path)) if action_path else ""
        except Exception:
            real = action_path or ""
        log_event(
            "permission_gate_blocked",
            source="codec-agent-runner",
            message=f"permission_gate refused {action_path!r}: {reason}",
            level="warning",
            outcome="error",
            extra={
                "requested_path": action_path,
                "resolved_path": real,
                "reason": reason,
                "agent_id": agent_id,
            },
        )
    except Exception:
        pass


def _path_allowed(action_path: str, grants: Any) -> tuple[bool, str]:
    """Return (allowed, reason) for an action path against a set of grant
    patterns (originally fnmatch-style, e.g. `~/Documents/**`).

    Closes audit D-5 — three layered checks:
      1. Reject `..` segments outright (no path-traversal bypass).
      2. Realpath the action so symlinks are resolved.
      3. Match against realpath'd grant roots (the substring before the
         first glob char). Acceptance = action's realpath is at or under
         the grant's realpath root.

    B-18: a glob grant is now enforced (fnmatch on the realpath-anchored
    pattern) IN ADDITION to the realpath-containment check — so `~/Documents/*.md`
    authorizes `.md` files under realpath(~/Documents/), not `secrets.key`. This
    only ever *tightens*: the fnmatch test is layered on top of PR-1D's containment,
    so nothing previously rejected for safety can now be accepted. Plain directory
    grants (no glob) still authorize their whole subtree; `**` grants (incl. the
    default `{project_dir}/**`) still match recursively (fnmatch `*`→`.*` crosses `/`).
    """
    if not action_path:
        return False, "empty_path"

    # Reject .. anywhere in the path. expanduser is enough here — we don't
    # need realpath to detect the segment "..".
    if ".." in Path(os.path.expanduser(action_path)).parts:
        return False, "path_traversal"

    try:
        action_real = os.path.realpath(os.path.expanduser(action_path))
    except (OSError, RuntimeError, ValueError):
        return False, "realpath_failed"

    for grant in grants:
        if not grant:
            continue
        grant_expanded = os.path.expanduser(grant)
        # Directory root = substring before the first glob char (or the whole
        # path if none). Examples:
        #   "~/Documents/**"   → root "~/Documents", glob "**"
        #   "~/Documents/*.md" → root "~/Documents", glob "*.md"
        #   "~/Documents"      → root "~/Documents", no glob
        glob_idx = grant_expanded.find("*")
        grant_root = (grant_expanded[:glob_idx] if glob_idx >= 0
                      else grant_expanded).rstrip(os.sep) or os.sep
        try:
            grant_real = os.path.realpath(grant_root)
        except (OSError, RuntimeError, ValueError):
            continue
        # PR-1D containment: the action's realpath must be at/under the realpath'd
        # root (prevents symlink/`..` escape regardless of the glob).
        under_root = (action_real == grant_real or
                      action_real.startswith(grant_real + os.sep))
        if not under_root:
            continue
        if glob_idx < 0:
            # Plain directory/file grant authorizes its subtree (unchanged).
            return True, ""
        # A recursive grant (`root/**`) also authorizes the bare root directory
        # itself — listing/reading `root` is a natural subset of "everything
        # under root", but fnmatch(`root`, `root/**`) is False (no literal `/`
        # after `root` to match the pattern's trailing separator). Without this,
        # a plan that declares `X/**` still blocks the very first `list X`
        # action and forces a redundant manual grant of the bare path. Narrower
        # globs (`*.md`) intentionally do NOT get this — they authorize a file
        # pattern, not "everything", so the bare directory stays ungranted.
        glob_suffix = grant_expanded[glob_idx:]
        if glob_suffix in ("**", "*/**") and action_real == grant_real:
            return True, ""
        # B-18: the action must ALSO match the realpath-anchored glob pattern, so a
        # specific glob (`*.md`) is enforced rather than collapsed to its directory.
        pattern = grant_real + os.sep + glob_suffix
        if fnmatch.fnmatch(action_real, pattern):
            return True, ""
        # Under the root but doesn't match this glob — keep checking other grants.

    return False, "not_under_grant"


# ── B-2: server-side skill capability table ───────────────────────────────────
# Maps a skill name → the resource categories it can use. permission_gate
# OR-upgrades the LLM's self-declared touches_path/reads_path/network_call flags
# with these server-known capabilities (same "LLM can only RAISE risk" pattern as
# _effective_destructive), so a write/network-capable skill can't skip its gate by
# emitting a False flag on a DECLARED sensitive value. Classification is by EXFIL
# SURFACE: local-FS skills get path caps; genuinely exfil-capable skills get
# `network`; benign read-only public-data skills (weather, bitcoin_price) are
# deliberately NOT network-gated (they send only a non-sensitive query → no
# user-data exfil surface). A skill absent from the table has no caps → unchanged
# (LLM-flag-only) behavior. NOTE: extracting the EXACT path/URL a skill acts on
# from its free-text task (vs the LLM-declared value) still needs structured skill
# invocation — the documented B-2 residual.
SKILL_CAPABILITIES: Dict[str, set] = {
    # Local filesystem
    "file_write":   {"writes_path"},
    "file_ops":     {"writes_path", "reads_path"},
    "file_search":  {"reads_path"},
    "create_skill": {"writes_path"},
    "skill_forge":  {"writes_path"},
    "self_improve": {"writes_path"},
    "qr_generator": {"writes_path"},
    "screenshot_text": {"writes_path"},
    # Do-anything (shell / code / system control) — full surface
    "terminal":        {"writes_path", "reads_path", "network"},
    "python_exec":     {"writes_path", "reads_path", "network"},
    "pilot":           {"writes_path", "reads_path", "network"},
    "process_manager": {"writes_path", "reads_path"},
    "pm2_control":     {"writes_path", "reads_path"},
    "ax_control":      {"writes_path", "reads_path"},
    # Network / external (exfil-capable)
    "web_fetch":       {"network"},
    "web_search":      {"network"},
    "ai_news_digest":  {"network"},
    "clipboard_url_fetch": {"network"},
    "translate":       {"network"},
    "health_check":    {"network"},
    "philips_hue":     {"network"},
    "imessage_send":   {"network"},
    "chrome_automate": {"network"}, "chrome_click_cdp": {"network"},
    "chrome_close":    {"network"}, "chrome_extract":   {"network"},
    "chrome_fill":     {"network"}, "chrome_open":      {"network"},
    "chrome_read":     {"network"}, "chrome_scroll":    {"network"},
    "chrome_search":   {"network"}, "chrome_tabs":      {"network"},
    "google_calendar": {"network"}, "google_docs":      {"network"},
    "google_drive":    {"network"}, "google_gmail":     {"network"},
    "google_keep":     {"network"}, "google_sheets":    {"network"},
    "google_slides":   {"network"}, "google_tasks":     {"network"},
    # Intentionally NOT network-gated (benign read-only public data):
    #   weather, bitcoin_price → no entry (documented exclusion).
}


def _skill_capabilities(skill: str) -> set:
    """B-2: server-known resource capabilities for a skill (empty set if
    unclassified → unchanged LLM-flag-only gating)."""
    return set(SKILL_CAPABILITIES.get(skill, set()))


def permission_gate(action: Action, agent_grants: Dict[str, Any],
                    global_grants: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
    """The core Step 9 enforcement. Walks the action's resource use,
    checks the union of per-agent grants and global allowlist. Raises
    PermissionViolation on any gap.

    Path checks use `_path_allowed` (realpath + dotdot rejection) — closes
    audit finding D-5. Rejections emit a `permission_gate_blocked` audit
    event before the exception so the operator gets forensic visibility.

    Note: destructive ops fall through to strict_consent_gate (Step 3
    §1.7) — even if pre-approved by the user. That's the universal
    floor; permission_gate alone is not enough.
    """
    skills = set(agent_grants.get("skills", [])) | set(global_grants.get("skills", []))
    if action.skill not in skills:
        raise PermissionViolation("skill_not_authorized", action.skill)

    # Phase 3.5 review M4: symmetric read/write gating now active.
    # `touches_path` = write; `reads_path` = read. Both checked against
    # respective manifest entries. Note: skill-internal reads (where the
    # skill itself opens files without going through Action) still bypass
    # the runner — that's a fundamental limitation of the dispatch model.
    # B-2: OR-upgrade the LLM's self-declared flags with the skill's server-known
    # capabilities — the model can RAISE risk (declare a flag), never LOWER it to
    # skip the gate. We gate a DECLARED value (non-empty path/domain) so a False
    # flag on a sensitive declared value can't bypass; an undeclared value is the
    # documented residual (needs task-arg parsing). This also avoids over-gating
    # no-arg calls of multi-function skills (e.g. a file_ops "list", a chrome tab
    # close) which carry no path/domain.
    caps = _skill_capabilities(action.skill)
    wants_write = bool(action.touches_path) or ("writes_path" in caps)
    wants_read = bool(action.reads_path) or ("reads_path" in caps)
    wants_net = bool(action.network_call) or ("network" in caps)

    if wants_write and action.path:
        write_paths = (set(agent_grants.get("write_paths", [])) |
                       set(global_grants.get("write_paths", [])))
        ok, reason = _path_allowed(action.path, write_paths)
        if not ok:
            _emit_gate_blocked(action.path, reason)
            raise PermissionViolation("path_not_authorized", action.path)

    if wants_read and action.read_path:
        read_paths = (set(agent_grants.get("read_paths", [])) |
                      set(global_grants.get("read_paths", [])))
        # Write paths are implicitly readable — an agent that can write a file
        # must be able to read it back (verify writes, read prior output, etc.).
        write_paths_implicit = (set(agent_grants.get("write_paths", [])) |
                                set(global_grants.get("write_paths", [])))
        ok, reason = _path_allowed(action.read_path, read_paths | write_paths_implicit)
        if not ok:
            _emit_gate_blocked(action.read_path, reason)
            raise PermissionViolation("read_path_not_authorized", action.read_path)

    if wants_net and action.network_domain:
        domains = (set(agent_grants.get("network_domains", [])) |
                   set(global_grants.get("network_domains", [])))
        # "*" is a broad-web grant (issued at approval for plans that browse), so
        # the agent doesn't block on every new domain it visits. Explicit opt-in.
        if "*" not in domains and action.network_domain not in domains:
            raise PermissionViolation("domain_not_authorized", action.network_domain)


# ── Qwen-3.6 client (mirrors codec_agent_plan pattern) ────────────────────────
# Hotfix: read URL+model from ~/.codec/config.json via codec_config (8090
# was the dashboard port; LLM lives at 8083).
def _qwen_url() -> str:
    try:
        from codec_config import QWEN_BASE_URL
        return f"{QWEN_BASE_URL.rstrip('/')}/chat/completions"
    except Exception:
        return "http://localhost:8083/v1/chat/completions"


def _qwen_model() -> str:
    try:
        from codec_config import QWEN_MODEL as _m
        return _m
    except Exception:
        return "mlx-community/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-4bit"


def _qwen_base() -> str:
    """Base URL (no /chat/completions) for codec_llm.call — call-time resolved."""
    try:
        from codec_config import QWEN_BASE_URL
        return QWEN_BASE_URL
    except Exception:
        return "http://localhost:8083/v1"


QWEN_URL = _qwen_url()
QWEN_MODEL = _qwen_model()
QWEN_TIMEOUT = 60


class QwenUnavailableError(RuntimeError):
    """Qwen-3.6 service down or unreachable."""


_NEXT_ACTION_SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are CODEC's autonomous agent runtime. \
Given a plan, current checkpoint, and recent action history, decide the SINGLE \
next action to take. Return ONLY a JSON object with one of these shapes:

For a skill call:
{
  "kind": "skill_call",
  "skill": "<skill_name — MUST be from the available_skills list in the prompt>",
  "task": "<the natural-language task to pass to that skill>",
  "is_destructive": <bool — true for irreversible ops: file delete, payments, send-on-behalf>,
  "network_call": <bool — true if the skill will make HTTP requests>,
  "network_domain": "<domain if network_call=true, else empty>",
  "touches_path": <bool — true if the skill WRITES to a filesystem path>,
  "path": "<path if touches_path=true, else empty>",
  "reads_path": <bool — true if the skill READS a filesystem path>,
  "read_path": "<path if reads_path=true, else empty>"
}

For checkpoint completion:
{"kind": "checkpoint_done"}

Rules:
- skill MUST come from the available_skills list shown in the prompt. Never invent skill names.
- Return {"kind": "checkpoint_done"} AS SOON AS the checkpoint's expected_output is satisfied.
  Do NOT call more skills after the goal is achieved — stop immediately with checkpoint_done.
- SATISFICE — do NOT chase perfect results. Real web data is messy and incomplete. If you
  have gathered a REASONABLE amount toward expected_output (e.g. you found 3-4 items when
  asked for 5, or you have names but not every single detail), USE what you have and move
  on — proceed to the next part of the task or return checkpoint_done. It is far better to
  finish with imperfect/partial data than to loop forever seeking complete data.
- NEVER repeat a skill call that already returned a result — searching again with a slightly
  reworded query, or re-fetching the same URL, almost always returns the SAME thing. If a
  search or fetch didn't give you what you hoped, do NOT retry it; either work with what you
  got, or try a genuinely DIFFERENT source/skill you have not used yet.
- If steps_remaining is 3 or fewer and the checkpoint is not yet done: call the single most
  important remaining skill, then return checkpoint_done on the VERY NEXT step regardless.
- If you have already called a skill and received a result that satisfies expected_output,
  return checkpoint_done now — do not repeat the skill call.
- read_path is checked against permission_manifest.read_paths; write path against write_paths.
- CRITICAL — file_search vs file_ops:
    • file_search uses macOS Spotlight (mdfind). It opens a Terminal window, searches by
      FILE NAME across the whole Mac, and returns AT MOST 5 results. It cannot list all
      files in a directory. NEVER use file_search to enumerate files in a folder.
    • file_ops is the correct skill for: listing files in a directory, reading file contents,
      and writing files. Use "list files in ~/path/to/dir" to enumerate a directory.
- CRITICAL — one file per step:
    • When you need to process multiple files (read, parse, extract), do ONE file per step.
    • Never put multiple file paths in a single "task" string — file_ops only handles one
      path at a time. If you have 30 files to read, make 30 sequential skill calls.
    • The "task" string must be short and specific: "Read file '/path/to/one/file.md'"
- CRITICAL — writing multi-line file content:
    • When writing markdown, tables, or any structured text with file_ops, you MUST include
      actual newlines in the content. Use \\n inside the JSON string to produce a newline.
    • WRONG:  "task": "write file '/p' content: # Title Row1 Row2 Row3"
    • CORRECT: "task": "write file '/p' content: # Title\\n\\nRow1\\nRow2\\nRow3"
    • A markdown table MUST have each row on its own line: | col | col |\\n| --- | --- |\\n| val |
- Output ONLY the JSON. No prose.
"""


def _qwen_chat(user_prompt: str, system_prompt: str = "",
               max_tokens: int = 2000) -> str:
    """Local Qwen-3.6 OpenAI-compatible call. Same shape as
    codec_agent_plan._qwen_chat — keep them parallel.

    URL + model resolved at call time so config.json changes are picked
    up without a process restart."""
    # A-12 (PR-3E-2c): canonical codec_llm.call(raise_on_error=True). Adapter
    # maps codec_llm.LLMError -> the public QwenUnavailableError so the daemon's
    # retry/abort logic (except QwenUnavailableError) is unchanged. Kept parallel
    # with codec_agent_plan._qwen_chat.
    import codec_llm
    try:
        return codec_llm.call(
            [
                {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt or ""},
                {"role": "user",   "content": user_prompt},
            ],
            base_url=_qwen_base(), model=_qwen_model(),
            max_tokens=max_tokens, temperature=0.2,
            timeout=QWEN_TIMEOUT, raise_on_error=True,
        )
    except codec_llm.LLMError as e:
        raise QwenUnavailableError(f"qwen3.6 unavailable: {e}") from e


# ── B-12: _qwen_next_action decomposed into pure, testable units ──────────────
def _trim_history(h_list: List[Dict[str, Any]], cap: int = 600) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
    """Cap each history entry's `result` string so the Qwen prompt doesn't bloat
    the context window (and cause response truncation)."""
    out = []
    for entry in h_list:
        e = dict(entry)
        if isinstance(e.get("result"), str) and len(e["result"]) > cap:
            e["result"] = e["result"][:cap] + "…[truncated]"
        out.append(e)
    return out


def _extract_file_list(h_list: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> list:
    """Scan history for a file_ops list result and return the path list.

    B-12 note: this reverse-engineers iteration state from skill OUTPUT STRINGS,
    which is fragile — a skill that changes its result format silently breaks
    multi-file iteration. Isolated + unit-tested here; replacing it with a typed
    iteration tracker (have _run_skill record structured results) is the deeper
    follow-up flagged by the audit."""
    for entry in h_list:
        result = entry.get("result", "")
        if isinstance(result, str) and "Files (" in result:
            # file_ops list output format: "Files (N):\n/path1\n/path2\n..."
            paths = re.findall(r"(/[\w./_-]+\.[\w]+)", result)
            if paths:
                return paths
    return []


def _already_read(h_list: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> set:
    """Return the set of absolute paths whose file content is already in history."""
    seen = set()
    for entry in h_list:
        result = entry.get("result", "")
        if isinstance(result, str):
            # file_ops read output: "File: /path ..."
            m = re.match(r"File: (/[^\s(]+)", result)
            if m:
                seen.add(m.group(1))
    return seen


def _build_file_iteration_hint(history: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> str:
    """Compose the 'next file to process' hint from the (string-derived) file list,
    so Qwen doesn't have to track iteration state itself."""
    file_list = _extract_file_list(history)
    if not file_list:
        return ""
    already_done = _already_read(history)
    remaining = [p for p in file_list if p not in already_done]
    if remaining:
        return (
            f"\nFile iteration state:\n"
            f"  Total files to process: {len(file_list)}\n"
            f"  Already processed: {len(already_done)} files\n"
            f"  Remaining: {len(remaining)} files\n"
            f"  NEXT FILE TO READ NOW: {remaining[0]}\n"
            f"  (Process exactly this one file in your next skill call. "
            f"Do NOT pass multiple paths.)\n"
        )
    return (
        f"\nFile iteration state: ALL {len(file_list)} files have been "
        f"read. Check if expected_output is satisfied; if yes return "
        f"checkpoint_done.\n"
    )


def _available_skills_for(plan_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> list:
    """Skills the agent may use: the permission_manifest list, else the union of
    every checkpoint's skills_needed."""
    available_skills = (plan_dict.get("permission_manifest") or {}).get("skills", [])
    if not available_skills:
        for cp in plan_dict.get("checkpoints", []):
            available_skills.extend(cp.get("skills_needed", []))
        available_skills = sorted(set(available_skills))
    return available_skills


def _build_action_prompt(plan_dict: Dict[str, Any], checkpoint: Dict[str, Any],
                         history: List[Dict[str, Any]], max_history: int = 10) -> str:
    """Pure next-action prompt composition (B-12). No I/O, no LLM call."""
    recent = history[-max_history:] if history else []
    # Floor to DEFAULT so plans with tiny LLM-generated budgets don't exhaust early.
    budget = max(int(checkpoint.get("step_budget", DEFAULT_STEP_BUDGET_PER_CHECKPOINT)),
                 DEFAULT_STEP_BUDGET_PER_CHECKPOINT)
    steps_used = len(history)
    steps_remaining = max(0, budget - steps_used)
    available_skills = _available_skills_for(plan_dict)
    recent_trimmed = _trim_history(recent)
    file_iteration_hint = _build_file_iteration_hint(history)
    return (
        f"Plan goals: {plan_dict.get('goals')}\n\n"
        f"Available skills (use ONLY these): {available_skills}\n\n"
        f"Current checkpoint:\n"
        f"  title: {checkpoint['title']}\n"
        f"  description: {checkpoint['description']}\n"
        f"  expected_output: {checkpoint['expected_output']}\n"
        f"{file_iteration_hint}\n"
        f"Steps used: {steps_used} / {budget}  (steps_remaining: {steps_remaining})\n\n"
        f"Recent action history (last {len(recent_trimmed)} steps):\n"
        f"{json.dumps(recent_trimmed, indent=2)}\n\n"
        f"What's the next action? If expected_output is already satisfied by the history above, "
        f"return {{\"kind\": \"checkpoint_done\"}} now. Otherwise output the next skill call JSON."
    )


def _parse_action_json(text: str):
    """Extract a JSON object from Qwen output: bare, ```json fences, or the first
    balanced {...} block out of surrounding prose/truncation. Returns dict or None."""
    text = text.strip()
    if text.startswith("```"):
        text = re.sub(r"^```(?:json)?\s*", "", text)
        text = re.sub(r"\s*```\s*$", "", text)
        text = text.strip()
    try:
        return json.loads(text)
    except json.JSONDecodeError:
        pass
    start = text.find("{")
    if start >= 0:
        depth = 0
        for i in range(start, len(text)):
            if text[i] == "{":
                depth += 1
            elif text[i] == "}":
                depth -= 1
                if depth == 0:
                    try:
                        return json.loads(text[start:i+1])
                    except json.JSONDecodeError:
                        break
    return None


def _action_from_json(d: Dict[str, Any]) -> Action:
    """Build an Action from parsed Qwen JSON (B-12). Unknown keys are ignored."""
    if d.get("kind", "skill_call") == "checkpoint_done":
        return Action(skill="", task="", kind="checkpoint_done")
    return Action(
        skill=str(d.get("skill", "")),
        task=str(d.get("task", "")),
        is_destructive=bool(d.get("is_destructive", False)),
        network_call=bool(d.get("network_call", False)),
        network_domain=str(d.get("network_domain", "")),
        touches_path=bool(d.get("touches_path", False)),
        path=str(d.get("path", "")),
        reads_path=bool(d.get("reads_path", False)),    # Phase 3.5 review M4
        read_path=str(d.get("read_path", "")),          # Phase 3.5 review M4
        kind="skill_call",
    )


def _qwen_next_action(plan_dict: Dict[str, Any], checkpoint: Dict[str, Any],
                     history: List[Dict[str, Any]],
                     max_history: int = 10) -> Action:
    """Thin orchestrator (B-12): build prompt → call Qwen (one retry on parse
    failure) → parse → build Action. Raises QwenUnavailableError or ValueError on
    bad JSON shape."""
    user_prompt = _build_action_prompt(plan_dict, checkpoint, history, max_history)
    raw = _qwen_chat(user_prompt, _NEXT_ACTION_SYSTEM_PROMPT, max_tokens=4000).strip()
    d = _parse_action_json(raw)
    if d is None:
        # One retry with a shorter, sharper prompt.
        log.warning("_qwen_next_action: parse failed, retrying. raw=%r", raw[:120])
        recent = history[-max_history:] if history else []
        budget = max(int(checkpoint.get("step_budget", DEFAULT_STEP_BUDGET_PER_CHECKPOINT)),
                     DEFAULT_STEP_BUDGET_PER_CHECKPOINT)
        retry_prompt = (
            "Output ONLY a single JSON object. No prose, no fences.\n\n"
            f"Plan goals: {plan_dict.get('goals')}\n"
            f"Checkpoint: {checkpoint['title']} — {checkpoint['description']}\n"
            f"Expected output: {checkpoint['expected_output']}\n"
            f"Steps used: {len(history)}/{budget}\n"
            f"Last result: {recent[-1]['result'][:300] if recent else 'none'}\n\n"
            "Return {\"kind\": \"checkpoint_done\"} if expected_output is satisfied, "
            "else the next skill call JSON."
        )
        raw2 = _qwen_chat(retry_prompt, _NEXT_ACTION_SYSTEM_PROMPT).strip()
        d = _parse_action_json(raw2)
    if d is None:
        raise ValueError(f"qwen returned non-JSON next-action: raw={raw[:200]!r}")
    return _action_from_json(d)


@dataclass
class ConsentResult:
    """Outcome of strict-consent gate for a destructive op."""
    approved: bool = False
    timed_out: bool = False
    user_response: str = ""


def _strict_consent(action: Action, deadline: int = DESTRUCTIVE_CONSENT_TIMEOUT_S) -> ConsentResult:
    """Strict-consent gate for a destructive agent op (Audit B / B-1).

    Routes through the REAL ``codec_ask_user.ask(destructive=True, ...)`` — which
    implements Phase 1 Step 3 §1.7 on the reply path (literal verb-match;
    generic 'yes'/'ok' rejected; two-strike → ambiguous_consent timeout). Maps
    ``ask()``'s string return to a ConsentResult.

    Fail-safe: anything that is NOT a verb-matched answer (timeout, ask-user
    disabled, or any error) returns ``approved=False`` — a destructive op is
    never auto-approved. (Prior to B-1 this imported a consent helper that did
    not exist, so the prompt never actually ran.)
    """
    verb = "confirm"
    question = (
        f"⚠️ Agent requests a DESTRUCTIVE operation\n"
        f"skill: {action.skill}\n"
        f"task: {action.task[:160]}\n\n"
        f"To approve, type '{verb}'. A generic 'yes'/'ok' will be rejected."
    )
    try:
        import codec_ask_user
        answer = codec_ask_user.ask(
            question,
            destructive=True,
            destructive_verb=verb,
            timeout=deadline,
            asked_from="crew",
            tool_name=action.skill,
        )
    except Exception as e:  # never let a consent-path error become an auto-approve
        log.warning("strict-consent ask() failed: %s", e)
        return ConsentResult(approved=False, timed_out=True, user_response=f"ask_error:{e}")

    if answer in (codec_ask_user.TIMEOUT_SENTINEL, codec_ask_user.DISABLED_SENTINEL):
        return ConsentResult(approved=False, timed_out=True, user_response=answer)
    # In destructive mode ask() reaches an 'answered' status (and returns the
    # answer) only once the reply contained the verb — so this is real consent.
    return ConsentResult(approved=True, timed_out=False, user_response=answer)


# Audit B / B-2: server-derived destructiveness. The agent can only UPGRADE an
# action's risk, never downgrade it — so the LLM cannot skip the consent gate by
# emitting is_destructive=false on a dangerous skill or an irreversible task.
_DESTRUCTIVE_VERB_RE = re.compile(
    r"\b(delete|delet\w*|remove|destroy|wipe|trash|eras\w*|purge|drop|format|"
    r"overwrit\w*|send|transfer|transmit|deliver|pay|charge|wire|kill|"
    r"shut\s?down|uninstall)\b",
    re.IGNORECASE,
)


def _server_destructive_signal(action: Action) -> bool:
    """True when the SERVER (not the LLM) judges an action destructive:
    a dangerous code/shell/process skill, or an irreversible-intent verb in the
    task. Read _HTTP_BLOCKED live so config edits take effect on restart."""
    try:
        from codec_config import _HTTP_BLOCKED
        if action.skill in _HTTP_BLOCKED:
            return True
    except Exception:
        pass
    # A Gmail DRAFT is never sent (the gmail skill routes any "draft" task to
    # draft-creation before the send path), so it is safe/reversible even when
    # the email BODY happens to contain the word "send" ("I'd love to send my
    # resume…"). Don't let that false-positive gate autonomous draft creation.
    if action.skill == "google_gmail" and re.search(r"\bdraft\b", action.task or "", re.IGNORECASE):
        return False
    return bool(_DESTRUCTIVE_VERB_RE.search(action.task or ""))


def _effective_destructive(action: Action) -> bool:
    """OR-only: the LLM-declared flag OR the server signal. Never downgrades —
    closes B-2's "LLM unflags to skip consent" hole for destructive ops."""
    return bool(action.is_destructive) or _server_destructive_signal(action)


def _enforce_destructive_gate(action: Action,
                              deadline: int = DESTRUCTIVE_CONSENT_TIMEOUT_S) -> ConsentResult:
    """Called by checkpoint executor. Routes through strict-consent for any
    action that is destructive — by the LLM's own flag OR by the server's
    independent assessment (B-2). Caller decides aborted vs blocked based on
    `timed_out` (Q7)."""
    if not _effective_destructive(action):
        return ConsentResult(approved=True, timed_out=False)
    return _strict_consent(action, deadline)


class DestructiveOpRejected(Exception):
    """User explicitly rejected a destructive op via strict-consent."""


class StepBudgetExhausted(Exception):
    """Per-checkpoint step budget cap reached without checkpoint_done."""


class NoProgressDetected(Exception):
    """The last several actions returned near-identical results — the agent is
    stuck in a repeat loop, not making progress. Raised well before the step
    budget exhausts so the human sees an early, honest pause instead of the
    agent silently grinding through its whole budget on the same dead end.

    2026-07: a live Project run (research 5 AI startups) re-fetched the same
    URL 15+ times and re-issued the same search 10+ times, burning all 80
    steps of checkpoint 1 without ever finishing it — Qwen's own
    "return checkpoint_done" self-check never caught it. This is a
    deterministic backstop that doesn't depend on the model noticing its own
    loop."""


_REPEAT_THRESHOLD = 3   # this many near-identical results for one call =>
                        # first NUDGE the model to change approach; only pause
                        # if that exact call repeats AGAIN after the nudge.
_MAX_LOOP_NUDGES = 3    # global cap per checkpoint: after this many distinct
                        # loops have each been nudged and the agent still isn't
                        # converging, pause — it's genuinely stuck, not just
                        # briefly confused.


def _dedup_target(skill: str, task: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """A normalized 'target' key for idempotent research skills, so we can
    refuse to run the EXACT same fetch/search twice within a checkpoint (it
    returns the same thing and wastes a step). Returns None for skills where
    re-running is legitimately different (file_write, etc.) — those are never
    deduped.

    web_fetch  -> the URL (re-fetching a URL is pointless — pre-execution
                  refusal is far more forceful than reacting to the repeat
                  after the fact, and it stops the JS-rendered-shell loop the
                  4-bit model gets stuck in).
    web_search -> the normalized query text."""
    s = (skill or "").lower()
    t = (task or "").strip()
    if s in ("web_fetch", "clipboard_url_fetch"):
        m = re.search(r"https?://\S+", t)
        return "fetch::" + m.group(0).rstrip(").,;'\"") if m else None
    if s in ("web_search", "chrome_search"):
        return "search::" + re.sub(r"\s+", " ", t.lower())[:160]
    return None


def _result_signature(skill: str, result: str) -> str:
    """Cheap normalized signature for repeat-detection: same skill + a
    whitespace-collapsed prefix of the result. Two fetches of the same URL (or
    two searches surfacing the same top result) collapse to the same
    signature even when the LLM phrases the task text slightly differently
    each time — task-text similarity is NOT a reliable signal (the model
    reliably varies its phrasing while making the exact same call), but
    getting back the same information twice is unambiguous."""
    norm = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", (result or "")).strip()[:300]
    return f"{skill}::{norm}"


def _build_correction_nudge(pv: "PermissionViolation",
                            action: Action,
                            agent_grants: Dict[str, Any],
                            global_grants: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[str]:
    """PR #35: build a single-shot correction string for the LLM when
    it picks something outside the allowlist. Returns None for unknown
    reasons (caller falls back to raise).

    The string is appended to history.result so the next
    _qwen_next_action call sees it as the most-recent step output, and
    the model corrects itself instead of looping. We list the FULL
    allowed set so the model has a closed-world choice — listing
    nothing was the original PR #34 bug for skills; same logic applies
    to paths and domains."""
    reason = pv.reason
    if reason == "skill_not_authorized":
        allowed = sorted(set(agent_grants.get("skills", [])) |
                         set(global_grants.get("skills", [])))
        return (f"<skill_error: '{action.skill}' is NOT in this agent's "
                f"permission_manifest.skills. Allowed skills: "
                f"{', '.join(allowed) or '(none)'}. Pick one of those "
                f"instead.>")
    if reason == "path_not_authorized":
        allowed = sorted(set(agent_grants.get("write_paths", [])) |
                         set(global_grants.get("write_paths", [])))
        return (f"<path_error: write to '{action.path}' is NOT under "
                f"permission_manifest.write_paths. Allowed write_paths "
                f"(glob patterns): {', '.join(allowed) or '(none)'}. "
                f"Pick a path that matches one of those globs.>")
    if reason == "read_path_not_authorized":
        allowed = sorted(set(agent_grants.get("read_paths", [])) |
                         set(global_grants.get("read_paths", [])))
        return (f"<read_path_error: read of '{action.read_path}' is NOT "
                f"under permission_manifest.read_paths. Allowed read_paths "
                f"(glob patterns): {', '.join(allowed) or '(none)'}. "
                f"Pick a read path that matches one of those globs.>")
    if reason == "domain_not_authorized":
        allowed = sorted(set(agent_grants.get("network_domains", [])) |
                         set(global_grants.get("network_domains", [])))
        return (f"<domain_error: '{action.network_domain}' is NOT in "
                f"permission_manifest.network_domains. Allowed domains: "
                f"{', '.join(allowed) or '(none)'}. Use one of those "
                f"exact domains (no schema, no path).>")
    return None


def _run_skill(skill_name: str, task: str, agent_id: str) -> str:
    """Lazy-imported codec_dispatch.run_skill. Step 1+2 hooks fire
    automatically inside run_skill via run_with_hooks."""
    try:
        from codec_dispatch import run_skill, registry, load_skills
    except Exception as e:
        raise RuntimeError(f"codec_dispatch unavailable: {e}")
    # Defensive scan: if the registry is empty (e.g. daemon just restarted and
    # hasn't hit run_daemon's startup scan yet), scan now so skills resolve.
    if not registry.names():
        log.info("Skill registry empty in _run_skill — scanning now")
        try:
            load_skills()
        except Exception as e:
            log.warning("Defensive skill registry scan failed: %s", e)
    meta = (registry.get_meta(skill_name) if registry else None) or {}
    skill = {"name": skill_name, "_all_matches": [skill_name], **meta}
    return run_skill(skill, task, app=f"agent:{agent_id}")


def _drain_user_replies(agent_id: str, since_index: int):
    """B-6/B-20: pull user replies AFTER the consumed-offset `since_index` into
    history entries for the next Qwen call. Returns (entries, new_index).

    The cursor is a monotonic reply COUNT (not a float ts — B-20), and advances by
    the number of replies CONSUMED (`len(replies)`), not the number of non-empty
    history entries produced — so an empty-body reply still advances the cursor and
    isn't re-read forever. Never raises — a messaging hiccup must not break the loop."""
    try:
        from codec_agent_messaging import get_unread_user_replies
        replies = get_unread_user_replies(agent_id, since_index)
    except Exception as e:
        log.warning("[%s] get_unread_user_replies failed: %s", agent_id, e)
        return [], since_index
    entries: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
    for r in replies:
        body = (r.get("body") or "").strip()
        if body:
            entries.append({"step": -1, "skill": "user_reply", "task": "",
                            "result": f"[USER REPLY] {body[:1000]}"})
    return entries, since_index + len(replies)


def _fingerprint(checkpoint_id: str, skill: str, task: str) -> str:
    """B-5: stable 16-hex id for a (checkpoint, skill, task) destructive action.
    Used as the at-most-once ledger key so a crash can't re-fire an irreversible
    op on resume. Checkpoint-scoped so the same skill+task in two checkpoints
    are distinct entries."""
    raw = f"{checkpoint_id}|{skill}|{task}".encode("utf-8", "replace")
    return hashlib.sha256(raw).hexdigest()[:16]


def _persist_checkpoint_progress(agent_id: str, checkpoint_id: str,
                                 history: List[Dict[str, Any]],
                                 executed_destructive: List[str]) -> None:
    """B-5: load-modify-save the in-progress checkpoint history + destructive
    ledger into state.json so a mid-checkpoint crash resumes from here instead
    of replaying from step 0. Load-modify-save (not overwrite) preserves
    concurrently-written keys (current_checkpoint, replies_consumed,
    step_budget_overrides). Runs in the agent's own thread — no intra-process
    race. Never raises: a persistence hiccup must not break the run loop."""
    try:
        from codec_agent_plan import load_state, save_state
        state = load_state(agent_id)
        state["cp_in_progress"] = checkpoint_id
        state["cp_history"] = history
        state["executed_destructive"] = list(executed_destructive)
        save_state(agent_id, state)
    except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover - defensive
        log.warning("[%s] persist checkpoint progress failed: %s", agent_id, e)


def _execute_checkpoint(plan_dict: Dict[str, Any],
                        checkpoint: Dict[str, Any],
                        agent_grants: Dict[str, Any],
                        global_grants: Dict[str, Any],
                        agent_id: str,
                        history: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
                        executed_destructive: Optional[List[str]] = None
                        ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
    """Inner loop: ask Qwen for next action, gate it, execute, append
    to history, repeat until checkpoint_done OR step_budget hit OR
    PermissionViolation OR DestructiveOpRejected raised.

    Returns the final history list. Caller (run_agent) is responsible
    for atomic state save + audit emit on each checkpoint completion.

    Raises:
        PermissionViolation — escalate to status=blocked_on_permission
        DestructiveOpRejected — abort the agent
        StepBudgetExhausted — escalate to status=blocked_on_budget
        QwenUnavailableError — daemon retries
    """
    if history is None:
        history = []
    # B-5: the at-most-once ledger of destructive fingerprints already attempted
    # (seeded from state.json on resume by _run_agent). Mutated in place + persisted.
    if executed_destructive is None:
        executed_destructive = []
    # Loop-breaker: seed the repeat-signature counter from any PRE-EXISTING
    # history (resume-after-crash / resume-after-pause case) so a checkpoint
    # that was ALREADY looping before a restart doesn't get a fresh allowance.
    # _nudged_sigs / _nudges_given are seeded the same way so a resume can't
    # re-earn fresh nudges for a loop it was already nudged about.
    _sig_counts: Dict[str, int] = {}
    _nudged_sigs: set = set()
    _nudges_given = 0
    _gdoc_verify_nudged = False       # gdoc completion-verifier nudge fired?
    _executed_targets: set = set()   # dedup keys for fetch/search already run
    for h in history:
        if h.get("_skill_correction_nudge") or h.get("_resume_skipped"):
            continue
        if h.get("_gdoc_verify_nudge"):
            _gdoc_verify_nudged = True
            continue
        if h.get("_loop_correction_nudge"):
            _nudges_given += 1
            _nsig = h.get("_loop_sig")
            if _nsig:
                _nudged_sigs.add(_nsig)
            continue
        if not h.get("_dedup_skip"):
            _tgt = _dedup_target(h.get("skill", ""), h.get("task", ""))
            if _tgt:
                _executed_targets.add(_tgt)
        sig = _result_signature(h.get("skill", ""), h.get("result", ""))
        _sig_counts[sig] = _sig_counts.get(sig, 0) + 1
    cp_id = str(checkpoint.get("id", ""))
    # Floor to DEFAULT so plans with tiny LLM-generated budgets (e.g. 5 or 10)
    # don't exhaust before Qwen can finish real work.
    budget = max(int(checkpoint.get("step_budget", DEFAULT_STEP_BUDGET_PER_CHECKPOINT)),
                 DEFAULT_STEP_BUDGET_PER_CHECKPOINT)

    # B-14: count EVERY _qwen_next_action call (incl. the correction-nudge retry)
    # against `budget`, so a correction-heavy loop can't quietly burn ~2x the
    # intended LLM calls. `budget` now bounds LLM calls, not loop iterations; the
    # `for step in range(budget)` below is the secondary bound.
    _qwen_calls = 0

    def _next_action():
        nonlocal _qwen_calls
        _qwen_calls += 1
        if _qwen_calls > budget:
            raise StepBudgetExhausted(
                f"qwen_call_budget {budget} exhausted in checkpoint {cp_id}")
        return _qwen_next_action(plan_dict, checkpoint, history)

    for step in range(budget):
        action = _next_action()

        if action.kind == "checkpoint_done":
            # Completion verifier (#17): don't accept a "saved to Google Drive /
            # Google Doc" claim unless a real doc was actually produced. A research
            # Project once wrote a local .md and called it "saved to Drive" — a
            # false completion. Nudge ONCE, then let it finish (so an unreachable
            # Google OAuth can't wedge the checkpoint forever).
            if not _gdoc_verify_nudged:
                try:
                    import codec_gdoc_verify
                    ok, reason = codec_gdoc_verify.verify_deliverable(checkpoint, history)
                except Exception:
                    ok, reason = True, ""
                if not ok:
                    _gdoc_verify_nudged = True
                    history.append({
                        "step": len(history),
                        "skill": "", "task": "verify_deliverable",
                        "result": f"[DELIVERABLE NOT DONE] {reason}",
                        "is_destructive": False,
                        "_gdoc_verify_nudge": True,
                    })
                    _persist_checkpoint_progress(agent_id, cp_id, history, executed_destructive)
                    continue
            return history

        # Permission gate (raises PermissionViolation if outside manifest).
        # Phase 3.5 hotfix (PR #34 + #35): if the LLM hallucinates a skill
        # name, write path, read path, or network domain, give it ONE retry
        # with the corrected allowlist as context. Most hallucinations
        # recover with a single correction pass; only block on the SECOND
        # consecutive miss. This dramatically reduces user-visible
        # blocked_on_permission events caused by LLM naming drift.
        try:
            permission_gate(action, agent_grants, global_grants)
        except PermissionViolation as pv:
            nudge = _build_correction_nudge(pv, action, agent_grants, global_grants)
            if nudge is None:
                raise   # unknown reason — fall through unchanged
            history.append({
                "step": len(history),
                "skill": action.skill,
                "task": action.task[:200],
                "result": nudge,
                "is_destructive": False,
                "_skill_correction_nudge": True,
            })
            _persist_checkpoint_progress(agent_id, cp_id, history, executed_destructive)
            # Re-call Qwen — if it still picks something invalid, fall through
            # and the SECOND permission_gate call will raise normally. (B-14: this
            # retry counts against the qwen-call budget via _next_action.)
            action2 = _next_action()
            if action2.kind == "checkpoint_done":
                return history
            permission_gate(action2, agent_grants, global_grants)
            action = action2  # use the corrected action going forward

        # Destructive gate (raises DestructiveOpRejected on user reject).
        # B-2: gate on the SERVER-derived assessment, not the LLM's self-declared
        # flag — otherwise an action that emits is_destructive=false on a
        # dangerous skill / irreversible task would skip consent entirely.
        # B-5: guard with an at-most-once fingerprint ledger so a crash can't
        # re-fire an irreversible op on resume.
        if _effective_destructive(action):
            fp = _fingerprint(cp_id, action.skill, action.task)
            if fp in executed_destructive:
                # Already attempted in a prior life (pre-crash). At-most-once: do
                # NOT re-execute and do NOT re-prompt consent. Tell the model it's
                # done so it advances past it.
                history.append({
                    "step": len(history),
                    "skill": action.skill,
                    "task": action.task[:200],
                    "result": "[SKIPPED ON RESUME — this destructive action was already "
                              "attempted before a crash/restart; not re-executed to avoid "
                              "duplication]",
                    "is_destructive": True,
                    "_resume_skipped": True,
                })
                _persist_checkpoint_progress(agent_id, cp_id, history, executed_destructive)
                continue
            consent = _enforce_destructive_gate(action)
            if consent.timed_out:
                # Q7: timeout overnight — caller transitions to blocked_on_destructive
                raise StepBudgetExhausted(
                    "destructive_consent_timeout"  # special marker
                )
            if not consent.approved:
                raise DestructiveOpRejected(
                    f"user rejected: {action.skill} {action.task[:80]}"
                )
            # Record the marker BEFORE executing: if the crash lands between here
            # and the skill returning, resume sees the marker → skips → the op
            # fires at most once.
            executed_destructive.append(fp)
            _persist_checkpoint_progress(agent_id, cp_id, history, executed_destructive)

        # Pre-execution dedup: refuse to re-run the EXACT same fetch/search this
        # checkpoint. Re-fetching a URL (or re-issuing an identical query) returns
        # the same thing — often a JS-rendered page shell with no real content —
        # and the 4-bit model otherwise gets stuck re-trying it. Returning a
        # directive instead is far more forceful than reacting after the repeat.
        _tgt = _dedup_target(action.skill, action.task)
        if _tgt and _tgt in _executed_targets:
            result = (
                f"[ALREADY TRIED] You already ran this exact {action.skill} and it "
                f"did not give usable new information — the page is likely "
                f"JavaScript-rendered and its content is NOT available via fetch. "
                f"Do NOT repeat it. Extract what you need from your earlier "
                f"web_search RESULTS (their snippets contain real information), use "
                f"what you have to satisfice and move on, or return checkpoint_done. "
                f"Only if truly necessary, try a DIFFERENT url you have not fetched."
            )
            history.append({
                "step": len(history),
                "skill": action.skill,
                "task": action.task[:200],
                "result": result,
                "is_destructive": False,
                "_dedup_skip": True,
            })
            _persist_checkpoint_progress(agent_id, cp_id, history, executed_destructive)
            # Count toward the loop-breaker so endless dedup-skips still pause.
            sig = _result_signature(action.skill, result)
            _sig_counts[sig] = _sig_counts.get(sig, 0) + 1
            if _sig_counts[sig] >= _REPEAT_THRESHOLD and _nudges_given >= _MAX_LOOP_NUDGES:
                raise NoProgressDetected(
                    f"agent kept retrying already-tried {action.skill} calls in "
                    f"checkpoint {cp_id!r} without moving on")
            continue
        if _tgt:
            _executed_targets.add(_tgt)

        # Execute via codec_dispatch.run_skill (Step 1+2 hooks fire)
        try:
            result = _run_skill(action.skill, action.task, agent_id)
        except Exception as e:
            log.warning("[%s] skill %s raised: %s", agent_id, action.skill, e)
            result = f"<skill_error: {e}>"

        history.append({
            "step": len(history),
            "skill": action.skill,
            "task": action.task[:200],
            "result": (result or "")[:500],
            "is_destructive": action.is_destructive,
        })
        _persist_checkpoint_progress(agent_id, cp_id, history, executed_destructive)

        # Loop-breaker with recovery: this exact (skill, result) pair has now
        # come back _REPEAT_THRESHOLD times. Rather than pause immediately, first
        # inject a strong corrective NUDGE (mirrors the permission-correction
        # nudge above) telling the model to stop repeating and change approach —
        # give it a chance to break out on its own. Only PAUSE if the SAME call
        # repeats yet again after being nudged, or if too many distinct loops
        # have each been nudged (agent genuinely stuck).
        sig = _result_signature(action.skill, result)
        _sig_counts[sig] = _sig_counts.get(sig, 0) + 1
        if _sig_counts[sig] >= _REPEAT_THRESHOLD:
            if sig not in _nudged_sigs and _nudges_given < _MAX_LOOP_NUDGES:
                _nudged_sigs.add(sig)
                _nudges_given += 1
                history.append({
                    "step": len(history),
                    "skill": action.skill,
                    "task": action.task[:200],
                    "result": (
                        f"[LOOP DETECTED — CHANGE APPROACH] You have called "
                        f"'{action.skill}' and gotten the SAME result "
                        f"{_sig_counts[sig]} times. Repeating it will NOT give you "
                        f"anything new. STOP making this call. Do ONE of these now: "
                        f"(1) PROCEED with what you have ALREADY gathered above — "
                        f"partial or imperfect data is fine; extract what you can and "
                        f"move to the next part of the task, or return checkpoint_done "
                        f"if expected_output is reasonably met; OR (2) use a "
                        f"genuinely DIFFERENT skill or a clearly different source/URL "
                        f"you have not tried. Do NOT reword the same search or re-fetch "
                        f"the same page."
                    ),
                    "is_destructive": False,
                    "_loop_correction_nudge": True,
                    "_loop_sig": sig,
                })
                _persist_checkpoint_progress(agent_id, cp_id, history, executed_destructive)
                continue
            raise NoProgressDetected(
                f"'{action.skill}' returned the same result {_sig_counts[sig]}x in "
                f"checkpoint {cp_id!r} even after a nudge to change approach "
                f"(last task: {action.task[:120]!r})"
            )

    raise StepBudgetExhausted(f"step_budget {budget} exhausted in checkpoint {checkpoint.get('id')}")


def _audit(event: str, source: str = "codec-agent-runner",
           message: str = "", correlation_id: str = "",
           outcome: str = "ok", level: str = "info",
           extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> None:
    """Lazy-imported audit emit. Centralized for monkeypatching in tests."""
    try:
        from codec_audit import audit
    except Exception as e:
        log.debug("codec_audit unavailable for %s: %s", event, e)
        return
    audit(event=event, source=source, message=message,
          correlation_id=correlation_id, outcome=outcome,
          level=level, extra=dict(extra or {}))


def _atomic_set_status(agent_id: str, new_status: str,
                       reason: Optional[str] = None) -> bool:
    """Apply a manifest status transition. Returns True if it was applied,
    False if it was NOT — an illegal/externally-superseded transition
    (`InvalidStatusTransition`) or a write failure. Never raises (C-5).

    Callers branch on the bool so they don't ACT on, or ANNOUNCE, a
    transition that didn't happen: the run-start guard refuses to execute a
    superseded agent, and the in-loop block/abort/complete emits skip their
    audit + notification when the manifest was changed under them (e.g. the
    user paused/aborted via the PWA). On `False`, the external state WINS — we
    never force our intended status over it. (We deliberately do NOT re-raise:
    propagating would let the outer `except Exception` abort the agent, which
    would turn a user pause into an abort.)"""
    try:
        from codec_agent_plan import set_status, InvalidStatusTransition
    except Exception as e:
        log.error("[%s] codec_agent_plan import failed for set_status: %s",
                  agent_id, e)
        return False
    try:
        set_status(agent_id, new_status, reason=reason)
        return True
    except InvalidStatusTransition as e:
        # Usually a benign race: status changed under us by an external actor
        # (PWA pause/abort/grant). The external change wins.
        log.warning("[%s] transition → %s rejected (superseded?): %s",
                    agent_id, new_status, e)
        return False
    except Exception as e:
        log.error("[%s] set_status %s failed unexpectedly: %s",
                  agent_id, new_status, e)
        return False


def _run_agent(agent_id: str, cid: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
    """The main per-agent thread function. Loads plan + grants,
    verifies plan_hash, walks checkpoints via _execute_checkpoint,
    persists state, emits audit events.

    On any unhandled exception: atomic save status=aborted, log,
    emit agent_aborted. Never propagates exceptions to caller (the
    daemon's thread pool depends on this).

    `cid` lets the daemon's crash-recovery path mint a single correlation_id,
    emit AGENT_RESUMED under it, then chain all of this run's emits to the
    same id (Step 1 §1.4 paired-cid contract). When None, generate fresh.
    """
    from codec_agent_plan import (
        load_plan, load_state, load_manifest, load_grants,
        load_global_grants, save_state, compute_plan_hash, compute_grants_hash, set_grants_hash,
    )
    try:
        from codec_agent_messaging import post_message
    except ImportError:
        post_message = lambda **kw: None  # graceful degradation

    if cid is None:
        cid = secrets.token_hex(6)

    try:
        plan = load_plan(agent_id)
        if plan is None:
            log.warning("[%s] plan missing; aborting", agent_id)
            _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "aborted", reason="plan_missing")
            _audit(AGENT_ABORTED, message=f"plan missing for {agent_id}",
                   correlation_id=cid, outcome="error", level="error",
                   extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "reason": "plan_missing"})
            return

        manifest = load_manifest(agent_id)
        stored_hash = manifest.get("plan_hash", "")
        actual_hash = compute_plan_hash(plan)
        # Q13 (review fix I1): if stored_hash is missing/empty, the plan was
        # never properly approved or someone cleared the hash. Either way:
        # ABORT. The "if stored_hash and ..." pattern silently bypasses
        # tamper detection on hash absence — that's an attack vector.
        if not stored_hash:
            log.warning("[%s] plan_hash absent — refusing to run (never approved or hash tampered)",
                        agent_id)
            _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "aborted", reason="plan_hash_missing")
            _audit(AGENT_ABORTED, message="plan_hash missing",
                   correlation_id=cid, outcome="error", level="error",
                   extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "reason": "plan_hash_missing"})
            return
        if stored_hash != actual_hash:
            log.warning("[%s] plan_hash tamper: stored=%s actual=%s",
                        agent_id, stored_hash[:8], actual_hash[:8])
            _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "aborted", reason="plan_tampered")
            _audit(AGENT_ABORTED, message="plan tampered",
                   correlation_id=cid, outcome="error", level="error",
                   extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "reason": "plan_tampered",
                          "stored_hash": stored_hash[:8], "actual_hash": actual_hash[:8]})
            return

        # B-4: grants.json is the file that actually gates execution — verify it,
        # not just plan.json. Mismatch → tamper → abort. Absent → heal-forward
        # (agents approved before grants_hash existed); never abort on absence,
        # so an upgrade doesn't break in-flight legacy agents.
        stored_grants_hash = manifest.get("grants_hash", "")
        actual_grants_hash = compute_grants_hash(agent_id)
        if not stored_grants_hash:
            log.warning("[%s] grants_hash absent — healing forward (legacy agent)", agent_id)
            set_grants_hash(agent_id)
        elif stored_grants_hash != actual_grants_hash:
            log.warning("[%s] grants_hash tamper: stored=%s actual=%s",
                        agent_id, stored_grants_hash[:8], actual_grants_hash[:8])
            _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "aborted", reason="grants_tampered")
            _audit(AGENT_ABORTED, message="grants tampered",
                   correlation_id=cid, outcome="error", level="error",
                   extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "reason": "grants_tampered",
                          "stored_hash": stored_grants_hash[:8], "actual_hash": actual_grants_hash[:8]})
            return

        grants = load_grants(agent_id)
        global_grants = load_global_grants()
        state = load_state(agent_id)
        current_idx = int(state.get("current_checkpoint", 0))

        # Transition approved → running (or any prior state → running for resume).
        # C-5 guard: if the transition doesn't apply (e.g. the agent was aborted
        # or paused via the PWA between approval and now), STOP — never execute
        # checkpoints on a superseded agent. The daemon reconciles next tick.
        if not _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "running"):
            # The transition can fail BENIGNLY when the daemon already flipped us
            # to running (a crash-recovery / qwen-resume branch pre-set it) — that
            # is not supersession, it's a redundant set. Only bail if we were
            # genuinely superseded (aborted / paused / blocked externally); a
            # running -> running "failure" means we're already running, so proceed.
            _cur = load_manifest(agent_id).get("status")
            if _cur != "running":
                log.warning("[%s] run-start aborted: status %r not transitionable "
                            "to running (superseded by external abort/pause?)",
                            agent_id, _cur)
                return
        _audit(AGENT_STARTED, message=f"agent started {agent_id}",
               correlation_id=cid,
               extra={"agent_id": agent_id,
                      "checkpoint_count": len(plan.checkpoints),
                      "starting_at": current_idx})
        post_message(agent_id=agent_id, type="agent_update",
                     title=f"Agent started: {manifest.get('title', agent_id)}",
                     body=f"Starting plan execution from checkpoint {current_idx + 1} of {len(plan.checkpoints)}.",
                     actions=[
                         {"label": "Pause", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/pause"},
                         {"label": "Abort", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/abort"},
                     ],
                     correlation_id=cid)

        # Walk checkpoints
        history: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
        # Review fix I2: per-checkpoint step_budget overrides applied on resume
        # after /extend_budget endpoint bumps the cap. Keys are checkpoint IDs.
        budget_overrides = state.get("step_budget_overrides", {}) or {}
        for idx, cp in enumerate(plan.checkpoints):
            if idx < current_idx:
                continue  # resume: skip already-completed checkpoints
            effective_budget = int(budget_overrides.get(cp.id, cp.step_budget))
            cp_dict = {
                "id": cp.id, "title": cp.title, "description": cp.description,
                "skills_needed": cp.skills_needed,
                "expected_output": cp.expected_output,
                "step_budget": effective_budget,
            }

            # B-5: on resume, restore THIS checkpoint's persisted in-progress history
            # and at-most-once destructive ledger so we continue mid-checkpoint
            # instead of replaying from step 0 (which duplicates non-idempotent work
            # and re-fires irreversible ops). Guarded on cp_in_progress matching this
            # checkpoint so a stale entry from another checkpoint is never seeded.
            cp_executed: List[str] = []
            if idx == current_idx and state.get("cp_in_progress") == cp.id:
                history = list(state.get("cp_history", []) or [])
                cp_executed = list(state.get("executed_destructive", []) or [])

            _audit(AGENT_CHECKPOINT_STARTED,
                   message=f"checkpoint {cp.id} started",
                   correlation_id=cid,
                   extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "checkpoint_id": cp.id,
                          "checkpoint_idx": idx})

            # B-6: feed any user replies posted since the last check into the
            # next Qwen call's context (previously get_unread_user_replies was
            # never called — a reply to a running agent was silently dropped).
            # B-20: the cursor is a monotonic consumed-offset (count), not a ms
            # timestamp. Heal a legacy `last_reply_ts` forward: treat every reply
            # posted before the upgrade as already-consumed (mirrors the old
            # time.time() cursor) so none is re-injected.
            if "replies_consumed" in state:
                _reply_cursor = int(state.get("replies_consumed", 0))
            elif state.get("last_reply_ts"):
                try:
                    from codec_agent_messaging import count_user_replies
                    _reply_cursor = count_user_replies(agent_id)
                except Exception:
                    _reply_cursor = 0
            else:
                _reply_cursor = 0
            _replies, state["replies_consumed"] = _drain_user_replies(
                agent_id, _reply_cursor)
            if _replies:
                history = list(history) + _replies
                save_state(agent_id, state)

            try:
                history = _execute_checkpoint(
                    plan_dict=plan.to_dict(), checkpoint=cp_dict,
                    agent_grants=grants, global_grants=global_grants,
                    agent_id=agent_id, history=history,
                    executed_destructive=cp_executed,
                )
            except PermissionViolation as pv:
                # C-5: only announce the block if the transition actually applied
                # (skip the misleading audit/notification if an external pause/
                # abort already won the race).
                if _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "blocked_on_permission",
                                      reason=f"{pv.reason}:{pv.needed}"):
                    _audit(AGENT_BLOCKED_ON_PERMISSION,
                           message=f"blocked: {pv.reason}",
                           correlation_id=cid, outcome="warning", level="warning",
                           extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "checkpoint_id": cp.id,
                                  "reason": pv.reason, "needed": pv.needed[:200]})
                    post_message(agent_id=agent_id, type="agent_blocked",
                                 title=f"Blocked: {pv.reason}",
                                 body=f"Agent needs additional permission: `{pv.needed}`. Grant or skip?",
                                 actions=[
                                     {"label": "Grant", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/grant",
                                      "body_hint": {"kind": "<infer from reason>", "value": pv.needed}},
                                     {"label": "Abort", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/abort"},
                                 ],
                                 correlation_id=cid)
                else:
                    log.info("[%s] block not announced — status superseded externally", agent_id)
                return
            except DestructiveOpRejected as e:
                # C-5: only announce the abort if the transition applied.
                if _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "aborted",
                                      reason=f"destructive_rejected:{e}"):
                    _audit(AGENT_ABORTED, message="destructive op rejected",
                           correlation_id=cid, outcome="warning", level="warning",
                           extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "checkpoint_id": cp.id,
                                  "reason": "destructive_rejected"})
                    post_message(agent_id=agent_id, type="agent_aborted",
                                 title="Aborted: destructive op rejected",
                                 body="User rejected a destructive operation. Plan halted.",
                                 actions=[],
                                 correlation_id=cid)
                else:
                    log.info("[%s] abort not announced — status superseded externally", agent_id)
                return
            except StepBudgetExhausted as e:
                # Q7: distinguish "destructive_consent_timeout" from real budget hits.
                # C-5: only announce if the transition applied (external state wins).
                if "destructive_consent_timeout" in str(e):
                    if _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "blocked_on_destructive",
                                          reason="destructive_consent_timeout"):
                        _audit(AGENT_PAUSED,
                               message="paused on destructive consent timeout",
                               correlation_id=cid, outcome="warning", level="warning",
                               extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "checkpoint_id": cp.id,
                                      "reason": "destructive_consent_timeout"})
                        # B-8: surface a recovery affordance — without this the
                        # state was a silent dead-end. Resume re-runs from this
                        # checkpoint and re-issues the consent prompt (B-1).
                        post_message(agent_id=agent_id, type="agent_blocked",
                                     title="Paused: destructive op needs your confirmation",
                                     body=("The agent reached a destructive operation and the "
                                           "confirmation timed out. Resume to be re-prompted for "
                                           "consent, or abort the plan."),
                                     actions=[
                                         {"label": "Resume", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/resume"},
                                         {"label": "Abort", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/abort"},
                                     ],
                                     correlation_id=cid)
                    else:
                        log.info("[%s] block not announced — status superseded externally", agent_id)
                else:
                    # Review fix I2: real budget hit → paused (not blocked_on_permission).
                    # User can resolve via POST /api/agents/{id}/extend_budget which
                    # writes step_budget_overrides[checkpoint_id] to state.json and
                    # transitions status=paused → running. The plan stays immutable
                    # (plan_hash tamper check remains intact); the override lives in
                    # mutable state.json.
                    if _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "paused",
                                          reason="step_budget_exhausted"):
                        _audit(AGENT_PAUSED,
                               message="paused on step budget exhaustion",
                               correlation_id=cid, outcome="warning", level="warning",
                               extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "checkpoint_id": cp.id,
                                      "reason": "step_budget_exhausted"})
                    else:
                        log.info("[%s] pause not announced — status superseded externally", agent_id)
                return
            except NoProgressDetected as e:
                # Deterministic loop-breaker fired before the step budget was
                # anywhere near exhausted — the agent is stuck, not still
                # working. Pause early with an honest, specific reason instead
                # of grinding through the rest of the budget for nothing.
                if _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "paused", reason=f"no_progress_detected:{e}"):
                    _audit(AGENT_PAUSED,
                           message=f"paused: no progress ({e})",
                           correlation_id=cid, outcome="warning", level="warning",
                           extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "checkpoint_id": cp.id,
                                  "reason": "no_progress_detected"})
                    post_message(agent_id=agent_id, type="agent_blocked",
                                 title="Paused: not making progress",
                                 body=f"{e}. Resume to let me try a different approach, "
                                      f"or abort if this isn't worth pursuing further.",
                                 actions=[
                                     {"label": "Resume", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/resume"},
                                     {"label": "Abort", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/abort"},
                                 ],
                                 correlation_id=cid)
                else:
                    log.info("[%s] no-progress pause not announced — status superseded externally", agent_id)
                return

            # Checkpoint complete: atomic state save (resume guarantee).
            # B-5: load-modify-save (not overwrite) — advance the cursor and CLEAR the
            # per-checkpoint progress (cp_history / cp_in_progress / executed_destructive
            # are scoped to a single checkpoint), while PRESERVING cross-checkpoint keys
            # (replies_consumed, step_budget_overrides) that the old full-overwrite dropped.
            state = load_state(agent_id)
            state["current_checkpoint"] = idx + 1
            state["history_len"] = len(history)
            state["last_checkpoint_completed_at"] = _now_iso_local()
            state.pop("cp_in_progress", None)
            state.pop("cp_history", None)
            state.pop("executed_destructive", None)
            save_state(agent_id, state)
            _audit(AGENT_CHECKPOINT_COMPLETED,
                   message=f"checkpoint {cp.id} completed",
                   correlation_id=cid,
                   extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "checkpoint_id": cp.id,
                          "checkpoint_idx": idx, "steps_used": len(history)})
            post_message(agent_id=agent_id, type="agent_update",
                         title=f"Checkpoint {idx + 1}/{len(plan.checkpoints)}: {cp.title}",
                         body=f"Completed in {len(history)} step(s). Output: {cp.expected_output[:200]}",
                         actions=[
                             {"label": "Pause", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/pause"},
                             {"label": "Abort", "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/abort"},
                         ],
                         correlation_id=cid)

        # All checkpoints done — collect artifacts from project_dir
        project_dir = manifest.get("project_dir", "")
        artifact_lines: list = []
        if project_dir and os.path.isdir(project_dir):
            try:
                files = sorted(
                    e for e in os.listdir(project_dir)
                    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(project_dir, e))
                )
                for fname in files:
                    fpath = os.path.join(project_dir, fname)
                    size = os.path.getsize(fpath)
                    size_str = f"{size:,} bytes" if size < 1024 else f"{size//1024} KB"
                    artifact_lines.append(f"  • {fname}  ({size_str})")
            except Exception:
                pass

        done_body = (
            f"Plan complete. {len(history)} total steps across {len(plan.checkpoints)} checkpoints.\n\n"
            f"📁 {project_dir}\n"
            + ("\n".join(artifact_lines) if artifact_lines else "  (no files created)")
        )

        # C-5: only announce completion if the transition applied (e.g. don't
        # post "Done" over a user abort that landed on the final checkpoint).
        if _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "completed"):
            _audit(AGENT_COMPLETED, message=f"agent completed {agent_id}",
                   correlation_id=cid,
                   extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "total_steps": len(history)})
            post_message(agent_id=agent_id, type="agent_done",
                         title=f"Done: {manifest.get('title', agent_id)}",
                         body=done_body,
                         actions=[
                             {"label": "📂 Open folder",
                              "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/open-folder"},
                             {"label": "📄 View files",
                              "endpoint": f"/api/agents/{agent_id}/artifacts"},
                         ],
                         correlation_id=cid)
        else:
            log.info("[%s] completion not announced — status superseded externally", agent_id)

    except QwenUnavailableError as e:
        # Phase 3.5 review fix C2: dedicated `blocked_on_qwen` status.
        # Distinct from blocked_on_permission — no permission to grant; the
        # LLM service is just down. The daemon auto-resumes on next tick
        # when Qwen comes back online (see _daemon_one_tick blocked_on_qwen
        # branch). Audit emit still uses AGENT_BLOCKED_ON_PERMISSION with
        # reason="qwen_unavailable" since we don't add a new audit constant
        # for this — the status is enough to disambiguate.
        log.warning("[%s] qwen unavailable: %s", agent_id, e)
        # C-5: only announce the qwen-block if the transition applied.
        if _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "blocked_on_qwen",
                              reason=f"qwen_unavailable:{e}"):
            _audit(AGENT_BLOCKED_ON_PERMISSION,
                   message=f"qwen unavailable: {e}",
                   correlation_id=cid, outcome="warning", level="warning",
                   extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "reason": "qwen_unavailable",
                          "status": "blocked_on_qwen"})
        else:
            log.info("[%s] qwen-block not announced — status superseded externally", agent_id)
    except Exception as e:
        log.exception("[%s] unhandled exception in _run_agent", agent_id)
        _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "aborted",
                           reason=f"unhandled:{type(e).__name__}:{str(e)[:100]}")
        _audit(AGENT_ABORTED, message=f"unhandled: {e}",
               correlation_id=cid, outcome="error", level="error",
               extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "reason": "unhandled_exception"})


def _now_iso_local() -> str:
    from datetime import datetime, timezone
    return datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(timespec="seconds")


# ── Daemon state (module-global) ──────────────────────────────────────────────
MAX_CONCURRENT = int(os.environ.get("AGENT_RUNNER_MAX_CONCURRENT", DEFAULT_MAX_CONCURRENT))
_active_threads: Dict[str, threading.Thread] = {}
_threads_lock = threading.Lock()


def _scan_agents() -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
    """Walk ~/.codec/agents/*, return manifest dicts. Skips dirs without manifest.json."""
    from codec_agent_plan import _AGENTS_DIR, load_manifest
    out: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
    if not _AGENTS_DIR.exists():
        return out
    for d in sorted(_AGENTS_DIR.iterdir()):
        if not d.is_dir():
            continue
        m = load_manifest(d.name)
        if m:
            out.append(m)
    return out


def _occupied_slots() -> int:
    """Count active threads + agents in any blocked_* state (Q8 — they
    occupy a slot). Note: completed/aborted/rejected don't occupy.

    Review fix I3: dedupe so an agent counted as `active_thread` is NOT
    also counted as `blocked_*` if its status was just transitioned but
    the thread hasn't been reaped yet."""
    with _threads_lock:
        active_ids = {aid for aid, t in _active_threads.items() if t.is_alive()}
    active_count = len(active_ids)
    blocked_count = 0
    for m in _scan_agents():
        agent_id = m.get("agent_id", "")
        status = m.get("status", "")
        # Skip if already counted as active (avoid double-count during transition window)
        if agent_id in active_ids:
            continue
        if status.startswith("blocked_"):
            blocked_count += 1
    return active_count + blocked_count


def _daemon_one_tick() -> None:
    """Single iteration of the daemon outer loop. Synchronous (unit-testable).
    Production daemon (`run_daemon`) calls this in a `while True` with sleep."""
    if os.environ.get("AGENT_RUNNER_ENABLED", "true").lower() == "false":
        return

    # Reap dead threads
    with _threads_lock:
        dead = [aid for aid, t in _active_threads.items() if not t.is_alive()]
        for aid in dead:
            _active_threads.pop(aid, None)

    agents = _scan_agents()
    occupied = _occupied_slots()

    for m in agents:
        agent_id = m.get("agent_id", "")
        status = m.get("status", "")

        if status == "approved":
            if occupied >= MAX_CONCURRENT:
                continue  # queue: stay approved, picked up next tick
            with _threads_lock:
                if agent_id in _active_threads and _active_threads[agent_id].is_alive():
                    continue  # already running
            t = threading.Thread(target=_run_agent, args=(agent_id,), daemon=True,
                                  name=f"agent-{agent_id}")
            t.start()
            with _threads_lock:
                _active_threads[agent_id] = t
            occupied += 1

        elif status == "running":
            # If no active thread, agent crashed (e.g. PM2 restart). Mark + resume.
            with _threads_lock:
                has_thread = agent_id in _active_threads and _active_threads[agent_id].is_alive()
            if not has_thread and occupied < MAX_CONCURRENT:
                # Mint cid here and propagate into _run_agent so AGENT_RESUMED
                # chains with the agent_started/checkpoint/completed emits that
                # follow (Step 1 §1.4 paired-cid contract; review I4).
                recovery_cid = secrets.token_hex(6)
                _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "crashed_resumed")
                _audit(AGENT_RESUMED,
                       message=f"resumed {agent_id} after crash/restart",
                       correlation_id=recovery_cid,
                       extra={"agent_id": agent_id, "recovery": True})
                # Re-spawn and let _run_agent do the crashed_resumed -> running
                # transition itself (line ~1116). We must NOT pre-set running here:
                # doing so made _run_agent's run-start guard hit an illegal
                # running -> running transition, abort instantly, and loop forever
                # (the deadlock that stranded granted/resumed Project agents).
                t = threading.Thread(target=_run_agent, args=(agent_id,),
                                      kwargs={"cid": recovery_cid}, daemon=True,
                                      name=f"agent-{agent_id}")
                t.start()
                with _threads_lock:
                    _active_threads[agent_id] = t
                occupied += 1

        elif status == "blocked_on_qwen":
            # Phase 3.5 review C2: auto-resume when Qwen returns. We probe
            # Qwen liveness with a tiny request; if the call succeeds, the
            # agent transitions back to running and the daemon respawns it
            # next iteration. No user interaction needed for this block —
            # unlike blocked_on_permission, the user has nothing to grant.
            if occupied >= MAX_CONCURRENT:
                continue
            try:
                # Probe Qwen with a trivial call; if it succeeds, unblock
                _qwen_chat("ping", system_prompt="", max_tokens=1)
                qwen_alive = True
            except QwenUnavailableError:
                qwen_alive = False
            except Exception as e:
                log.debug("[%s] qwen probe error: %s", agent_id, e)
                qwen_alive = False
            if qwen_alive:
                _atomic_set_status(agent_id, "running")
                t = threading.Thread(target=_run_agent, args=(agent_id,), daemon=True,
                                      name=f"agent-{agent_id}")
                t.start()
                with _threads_lock:
                    _active_threads[agent_id] = t
                occupied += 1


def run_daemon() -> None:
    """Production entry point. Blocks forever, ticking every DAEMON_TICK_SECONDS."""
    log.info("codec-agent-runner daemon starting (MAX_CONCURRENT=%d)", MAX_CONCURRENT)
    # H-1 (PR-4A-2): graceful shutdown on PM2 SIGTERM. Agent worker threads are
    # daemon=True (die with the process) and state.json is saved atomically per
    # checkpoint (resume-on-restart is correct per Step 9 Q5), so a clean exit
    # log is enough — nothing to flush.
    import codec_lifecycle
    codec_lifecycle.install_handlers(
        lambda: log.info("codec-agent-runner graceful shutdown (%d active)",
                         len(_active_threads)),
        name="codec-agent-runner")
    # Scan skill registry at startup so skills are available to executing agents.
    # The dashboard calls load_skills() on its own process; the agent runner is a
    # separate PM2 process and must scan independently.
    try:
        from codec_dispatch import load_skills
        load_skills()
        log.info("Skill registry scanned at daemon startup")
    except Exception as e:
        log.warning("Skill registry scan failed at startup: %s", e)
    while True:
        try:
            _daemon_one_tick()
        except Exception as e:
            log.exception("daemon tick raised: %s", e)
        time.sleep(DAEMON_TICK_SECONDS)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
    run_daemon()