diff --git a/e2e/tests/04_config.bats b/e2e/tests/04_config.bats
index af03958..7fa87d8 100644
--- a/e2e/tests/04_config.bats
+++ b/e2e/tests/04_config.bats
@@ -156,11 +156,14 @@ YAML
   assert_equal "$stderr" '~/.config/wk/bindings.yaml: expected a list of bindings'
 }
 
-@test "global and local bindings are concatenated with global first" {
+@test "local bindings override global ones with the same key" {
   write_bindings <<'YAML'
 - key: l
   type: command
   buffer: from-global
+- key: g
+  type: command
+  buffer: global-only
 YAML
   write_local_bindings <<'YAML'
 - key: l
@@ -171,16 +174,52 @@ YAML
   buffer: local-only
 YAML
 
-  # Both files contribute, and the global definition of a shared key wins.
+  # A shared key resolves to the local definition...
   wk_run --inputs 'l'
   assert_equal "$status" 0
-  assert_equal "$output" $'\t\tfrom-global'
+  assert_equal "$output" $'\t\tfrom-local'
+
+  # ...but an untouched global key still contributes...
+  wk_run --inputs 'g'
+  assert_equal "$status" 0
+  assert_equal "$output" $'\t\tglobal-only'
 
+  # ...alongside a local-only one.
   wk_run --inputs 'x'
   assert_equal "$status" 0
   assert_equal "$output" $'\t\tlocal-only'
 }
 
+@test "a local group replaces a global group of the same key entirely" {
+  write_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: g
+  type: bindings
+  desc: Git (global)
+  bindings:
+    - key: p
+      type: command
+      buffer: git push
+YAML
+  write_local_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: g
+  type: bindings
+  desc: Git (local)
+  bindings:
+    - key: c
+      type: command
+      buffer: git commit
+YAML
+
+  # The whole group is swapped, not merged: the global group's own
+  # sub-binding is gone rather than sitting alongside the local one.
+  wk_run --inputs 'g p'
+  assert_equal "$status" 5
+
+  wk_run --inputs 'g c'
+  assert_equal "$status" 0
+  assert_equal "$output" $'\t\tgit commit'
+}
+
 @test "local bindings alone are enough" {
   write_local_bindings <<'YAML'
 - key: x
diff --git a/e2e/tests/07_render.bats b/e2e/tests/07_render.bats
index 389fe93..5b6d2c1 100644
--- a/e2e/tests/07_render.bats
+++ b/e2e/tests/07_render.bats
@@ -13,8 +13,12 @@ teardown() {
   stop_zsh_session
 }
 
-@test "each row is the key, the separator and the description, in binding order" {
+@test "rows are ordered by key regardless of declaration order or global/local origin" {
   write_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: l
+  type: command
+  desc: List
+  buffer: ls -la
 - key: g
   type: bindings
   desc: Git
@@ -23,18 +27,156 @@ teardown() {
       type: command
       desc: Push
       buffer: git push
-- key: l
+YAML
+  write_local_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: i
   type: command
-  desc: List
-  buffer: ls -la
+  desc: Info
+  buffer: info
 YAML
   start_wk_session
   wait_for_screen 'List'
 
   run capture_screen
-  # A group is marked with symbols.group in front of its description.
+  # Declared l-then-g, and i comes from a separate (local) source, but
+  # sorting interleaves all three by key: g, i, l.
   assert_line --index 1 ' g ➜ +Git'
-  assert_line --index 2 ' l ➜ List'
+  assert_line --index 2 ' i ➜ Info'
+  assert_line --index 3 ' l ➜ List'
+}
+
+@test "a duplicated key renders as a single row" {
+  write_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: l
+  type: command
+  desc: First
+  buffer: first
+- key: l
+  type: command
+  desc: Second
+  buffer: second
+YAML
+  start_wk_session
+  wait_for_screen 'First'
+
+  run capture_screen
+  # The row a keypress can never reach (main.ts's `find` always resolves to
+  # the first definition) is dropped before rendering, not just shown twice.
+  assert_line --index 1 ' l ➜ First'
+  refute_line --partial 'Second'
+}
+
+@test "a duplicated key inside a nested group renders as a single row" {
+  write_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: g
+  type: bindings
+  desc: Git
+  bindings:
+    - key: p
+      type: command
+      desc: First
+      buffer: first
+    - key: p
+      type: command
+      desc: Second
+      buffer: second
+YAML
+  start_wk_session --inputs 'g'
+  wait_for_screen 'First'
+
+  run capture_screen
+  # Deduping isn't only a top-level, pre-merge concern: it applies at every
+  # nesting level, same as sorting.
+  assert_line --index 1 ' p ➜ First'
+  refute_line --partial 'Second'
+}
+
+@test "keys that collate as equal still sort deterministically" {
+  write_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: "1"
+  type: command
+  desc: One
+  buffer: one
+- key: "01"
+  type: command
+  desc: ZeroOne
+  buffer: zero-one
+YAML
+  start_wk_session
+  wait_for_screen 'One'
+
+  run capture_screen
+  # `numeric` collation treats "01" and "1" as the same value; an exact
+  # string tie-break is what keeps their order from being merge-order noise.
+  assert_line --index 1 ' 01 ➜ ZeroOne'
+  assert_line --index 2 ' 1  ➜ One'
+}
+
+@test "keys sort naturally, not lexicographically" {
+  write_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: f10
+  type: command
+  desc: Ten
+  buffer: ten
+- key: f2
+  type: command
+  desc: Two
+  buffer: two
+- key: f1
+  type: command
+  desc: One
+  buffer: one
+YAML
+  start_wk_session
+  wait_for_screen 'Ten'
+
+  run capture_screen
+  assert_line --index 1 " 󱊫 ➜ One"
+  assert_line --index 2 " 󱊬 ➜ Two"
+  assert_line --index 3 " 󱊴 ➜ Ten"
+}
+
+@test "an uppercase key sorts before its lowercase counterpart" {
+  write_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: g
+  type: command
+  desc: Lower
+  buffer: lower
+- key: G
+  type: command
+  desc: Upper
+  buffer: upper
+YAML
+  start_wk_session
+  wait_for_screen 'Upper'
+
+  run capture_screen
+  assert_line --index 1 ' G ➜ Upper'
+  assert_line --index 2 ' g ➜ Lower'
+}
+
+@test "sorting is applied recursively to nested groups" {
+  write_bindings <<'YAML'
+- key: g
+  type: bindings
+  desc: Git
+  bindings:
+    - key: p
+      type: command
+      desc: Push
+      buffer: git push
+    - key: c
+      type: command
+      desc: Commit
+      buffer: git commit
+YAML
+  start_wk_session --inputs 'g'
+  wait_for_screen 'Commit'
+
+  run capture_screen
+  # Declared p-then-c, but c sorts first inside the group too.
+  assert_line --index 1 ' c ➜ Commit'
+  assert_line --index 2 ' p ➜ Push'
 }
 
 @test "a command without a description falls back to its buffer" {
diff --git a/src/run.ts b/src/run.ts
index c51a117..ee2ad65 100644
--- a/src/run.ts
+++ b/src/run.ts
@@ -66,6 +66,41 @@ function unescapeAnsi(given: string): string {
   return given.replace(/\\x([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/g, (_, hex) => String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16)))
 }
 
+// `main.ts`'s `find` always resolves a duplicated key to its first match, so
+// keeping the first occurrence here (rather than e.g. the last) is what
+// keeps a merge or a sort from disagreeing with that.
+function firstByKey(bindings: Binding[]): Map<string, Binding> {
+  const byKey = new Map<string, Binding>()
+  for (const binding of bindings) {
+    if (!byKey.has(binding.key)) byKey.set(binding.key, binding)
+  }
+  return byKey
+}
+
+// Local bindings shadow global ones sharing the same key, whole-entry — a
+// group and a command never partially merge, and a group's own nested
+// `bindings` never cross the boundary either. `local` goes first so
+// `firstByKey` keeps its entry over global's for a shared key.
+function mergeBindings(global: Binding[], local: Binding[]): Binding[] {
+  return [...firstByKey([...local, ...global]).values()]
+}
+
+// A fixed locale rather than the ambient one, so key order doesn't shift
+// with the user's `LANG`. `numeric` compares a digit run by value (f2
+// before f10 — ICU chunks past 254 significant digits, well past any real
+// key name), and `caseFirst: 'upper'` keeps `G` before `g`.
+const keyCollator = new Intl.Collator('en', { numeric: true, caseFirst: 'upper' })
+
+// Applied at every nesting level, not just the merged top level. Two
+// distinct keys can collate as equal (e.g. `f2` and `f02` under `numeric`),
+// and `toSorted` is stable, so an exact-string tie-break keeps their order
+// from depending on where each one came from.
+function sortBindings(bindings: Binding[]): Binding[] {
+  return [...firstByKey(bindings).values()]
+    .toSorted((a, b) => keyCollator.compare(a.key, b.key) || (a.key < b.key ? -1 : a.key > b.key ? 1 : 0))
+    .map((binding) => binding.type === 'bindings' ? { ...binding, bindings: sortBindings(binding.bindings) } : binding)
+}
+
 export const runCommand = new Command()
   .description('Run.')
   .type('boolOrAuto', new EnumType(['true', 'false', 'auto']))
@@ -90,7 +125,7 @@ For example, this simulates pressing "g", "p", and "f".`,
       const empty: Binding[] = []
       const globalBindings = await loadYaml(joinPath(WK_CONFIG_HOME, 'bindings.yaml'), empty, parseBindings)
       const localBindings = await loadYaml(joinPath(Deno.cwd(), 'wk.bindings.yaml'), empty, parseBindings)
-      return [ctx, globalBindings.concat(localBindings)] as const
+      return [ctx, sortBindings(mergeBindings(globalBindings, localBindings))] as const
     }
 
     const tty = await Deno.open('/dev/tty', { read: true, write: true })