diff --git a/content/ch3.md b/content/ch3.md
index 747e6ac..1d53b5f 100644
--- a/content/ch3.md
+++ b/content/ch3.md
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ bash$ echo $PATH
 /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games
 ```
 A colon is acceptable as a function name.
+>`冒號可當作函數名稱。`
 ```
 :()
 {
@@ -341,9 +342,10 @@ A colon is acceptable as a function name.
 # The name of this function is :
 ```
 This is not portable behavior, and therefore not a recommended practice. In fact, more recent releases of Bash do not permit this usage. An underscore _ works, though.
-
+>`這是不可移植的作法，因此不推薦這樣的行為。事實上，最近所釋出的Bash版本並不允許這種用法。但使用下劃線「_」即可運作。`
 
 A colon can serve as a placeholder in an otherwise empty function.
+>`在空函數之中，冒號可做為暫駐功能。`
 ```
 not_empty ()
 {
@@ -352,10 +354,13 @@ not_empty ()
 ```
 !
 reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator. This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash keyword.
+>`反轉（或否定）測試或退出當前程式狀態的用途[bang]。驚嘆號用作反轉命令，以及其所施加的退出狀態（請參照範例6-2），同時驚嘆號也可反轉操作者的意圖，例如將等於（=）轉為不等於（!=）。驚嘆號是Bash中的關鍵單字。`
 
 In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.
+>`在不同的內文之中，驚嘆號也出現在間接變數的引用之中。`
 
 In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see Appendix L). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.
+>`另一方面，在命令列中，驚嘆號調用Bash的歷史紀錄（請見 Appendix L）。請注意在腳本中，歷史紀錄是無法作用的。`
 
 *
 wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.